Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.
Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.
Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.
Metformin immediate-release formulations
Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)
The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.
Metformin combination products
Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey, United States
Novartis Investigative Site, Multiple Locations, Germany
Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble cedex 9, France
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey, United States
GSK Investigational Site, Worle, Weston-Super-Mare, United Kingdom
AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
C LF23-0121 06 01 Site107, Brno, Czech Republic
C LF23-0121 06 01 Site108, Holesov, Czech Republic
C LF23-0121 06 01 Site106, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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