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Metformin

Generic Name
Metformin
Brand Names
Actoplus Met, Avandamet, Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucovance, Glumetza, Glycon, Invokamet, Janumet, Jentadueto, Kazano, Kombiglyze, Komboglyze, Qternmet, Riomet, Segluromet, Synjardy, Trijardy, Velmetia, Xigduo
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C4H11N5
CAS Number
657-24-9
Unique Ingredient Identifier
9100L32L2N
Background

Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent and first-line pharmacotherapy used in the management of type II diabetes.

Metformin is considered an antihyperglycemic drug because it lowers blood glucose concentrations in type II diabetes without causing hypoglycemia. It is commonly described as an "insulin sensitizer", leading to a decrease in insulin resistance and a clinically significant reduction of plasma fasting insulin levels. Another well-known benefit of this drug is modest weight loss, making it an effective choice for obese patients type II diabetes.

Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972, and received subsequent FDA approval in the US in 1995.

Indication

Metformin immediate-release formulations

Metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients ≥10 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metformin extended-release tablet (XR)

The extended-release formulation of metformin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Safety in children has not been determined to this date.

Metformin combination products

Metformin is a component of a variety of combination products with other anti-diabetic agents. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, or saxagliptin), in combination with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, or dapagliflozin), or in combination with pioglitazone.

Associated Conditions
Cardiovascular Mortality, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Hospitalizations, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate
Associated Therapies
-

Metformine and CC Compared With Placebo and CC for Induction Ovulation in PCOS Patients With Insulin Resistant

Phase 2
Terminated
Conditions
Hyperandrogenism
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-08-14
Last Posted Date
2024-04-25
Lead Sponsor
Semnan University of Medical Sciences
Target Recruit Count
388
Registration Number
NCT02523898

Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) or Magnesium in Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Not Applicable
Suspended
Conditions
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Obesity
Interventions
Dietary Supplement: Magnesium
Dietary Supplement: PUFA
Drug: Metformin
First Posted Date
2015-08-13
Last Posted Date
2024-02-08
Lead Sponsor
Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Mexico
Target Recruit Count
123
Registration Number
NCT02521753
Locations
🇲🇽

Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia Centro Médico "La Raza", Mexico City, D.f., Mexico

Treating Insulin Resistance as a Strategy to Improve Outcome in Refractory Bipolar Disorder

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Bipolar Disorder
Interventions
Drug: Metformin
Drug: Placebo
First Posted Date
2015-08-11
Last Posted Date
2021-01-13
Lead Sponsor
Cynthia Calkin
Target Recruit Count
50
Registration Number
NCT02519543
Locations
🇺🇸

Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

🇨🇦

Nova Scotia Health Authority - Dept. of Psychiatry, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Improved Muscle Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Through L-Arginine and Metformin

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-08-05
Last Posted Date
2015-08-07
Lead Sponsor
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Target Recruit Count
5
Registration Number
NCT02516085

Metformin for Overweight & OBese ChILdren and Adolescents With BDS Treated With SGAs

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Bipolar Disorder
Interventions
Drug: Metformin
Behavioral: healthy lifestyle intervention (LIFE)
First Posted Date
2015-08-05
Last Posted Date
2023-09-21
Lead Sponsor
Melissa Delbello
Target Recruit Count
1565
Registration Number
NCT02515773
Locations
🇺🇸

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

🇺🇸

Children's Home, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

🇺🇸

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

and more 26 locations

Testosterone, Metformin, or Both, for Hypogonadism in Obese Males

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Obesity
Hypogonadism
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-08-04
Last Posted Date
2024-12-13
Lead Sponsor
Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación de Málaga en Biomedicina y Salud
Target Recruit Count
107
Registration Number
NCT02514629
Locations
🇪🇸

Hospital Uiversitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain

Metformin And Longevity

Phase 4
Conditions
Prostate Cancer
Interventions
Drug: Placebo
Radiation: PET-MRI Scan
Drug: Metformin
First Posted Date
2015-07-30
Last Posted Date
2015-07-30
Lead Sponsor
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Target Recruit Count
185
Registration Number
NCT02511665
Locations
🇬🇧

Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Phase 1 Bioavailability Study of SYR-322MET

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Healthy Volunteers
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-07-24
Last Posted Date
2016-10-05
Lead Sponsor
Takeda
Target Recruit Count
24
Registration Number
NCT02508168

Neoadjuvant FDC With Melatonin or Metformin for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.

Phase 2
Conditions
Breast Cancer
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-07-23
Last Posted Date
2019-09-04
Lead Sponsor
N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Target Recruit Count
96
Registration Number
NCT02506777
Locations
🇷🇺

N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology Clinical Diagnostic Department, Saint - Petersburg, Russian Federation

Neoadjuvant Toremifene With Melatonin or Metformin in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Phase 2
Conditions
Breast Cancer
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-07-23
Last Posted Date
2019-09-04
Lead Sponsor
N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Target Recruit Count
96
Registration Number
NCT02506790
Locations
🇷🇺

N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology Clinical Diagnostic Department, Saint - Petersburg, Russian Federation

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