Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit)

Antithymocyte Immunoglobulin (Rabbit) Report

Name: Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) Name (English): Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit) DrugBank ID: DB00098 Type: Biotech CAS Number: 308067-60-9

Summary: Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (rabbit), also known as rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) or Thymoglobulin, is a purified polyclonal antibody obtained from rabbits immunized with human thymocytes. It is an immunosuppressive medication used to prevent and treat acute rejection in kidney transplant patients. rATG works by depleting T-lymphocytes, which are key mediators of transplant rejection, through complement-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Pharmacology:

• Mechanism of Action: rATG binds to various cell surface antigens on T-lymphocytes, leading to their depletion. This reduces the host immune response against the transplanted organ.
• Indication: Prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Off-label uses include treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), severe aplastic anemia, and as part of conditioning regimens for stem cell transplantation.
• Pharmacokinetics: T-cell depletion is usually observed within one day of initiating therapy. The half-life is reported to be 2-3 days and may increase with multiple doses. rATG is likely removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system or by the production of human anti-rabbit antibodies.

Adverse Reactions: Common adverse reactions include fever, chills, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, infections (including urinary tract infections), hypertension, nausea, headache, and anxiety. Serious immune-mediated reactions such as anaphylaxis and cytokine release syndrome can occur.

Drug Interactions: rATG can increase the immunosuppressive effects and the risk of infection when used with other immunosuppressants like canakinumab and rilonacept.