Mismatched Related Donor Versus Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Registration Number: NCT05457556

Lead Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group

Brief Summary: This phase III trial compares hematopoietic (stem) cell transplantation (HCT) using mismatched related donors (haploidentical \[haplo\]) versus matched unrelated donors (MUD) in treating children, adolescents, and young adults with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HCT is considered standard of care treatment for patients with high-risk acute...

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
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Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: RECRUITING

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 435

Inclusion Criteria

PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
6 months to < 22 years at enrollment
Diagnosed with ALL, AML, or MDS or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) for which an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is indicated. Complete Remission (CR) status will not be confirmed at the time of enrollment. CR as defined in these sections is required to proceed with the actual HCT treatment plan
Has not received a prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Does not have a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor available for stem cell donation
Has an eligible haploidentical related family donor based on at least intermediate resolution HLA typing
- Patients who also have an eligible 8/8 MUD adult donor based on confirmatory high resolution HLA typing are eligible for randomization to Arm A or Arm B.
- Patients who do not have an eligible MUD donor are eligible for enrollment to Arm C
All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
Co-Enrollment on other trials
- Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if already enrolled on other protocols for treatment of high risk and/or relapsed ALL, AML, MPAL and MDS. This is including, but not limited to, COG AAML1831, COG AALL1821, the EndRAD Trial, as well as local institutional trials. We will collect information on all co-enrollments
- Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if receiving immunotherapy prior to transplant as a way to achieve remission and bridge to transplant. This includes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and other immunotherapies
PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
Karnofsky Index or Lansky Play-Performance Scale >= 60 on pre-transplant evaluation. Karnofsky scores must be used for patients >= 16 years of age and Lansky scores for patients =< 16 years of age (within 4 weeks of starting therapy)
A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:

6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 mg/dL (Male); 0.5 mg/dL (Female)
1. to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL (Male); 0.6 mg/dL (Female)
2. to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (Male); 0.8 mg/dL (Female)
6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL (Male); 1 mg/dL (Female) 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (Male); 1.2 mg/dL (Female) 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female) >= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female)
- OR
A 24 hour urine Creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2
- OR
A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)
- Note: Estimated GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine, cystatin C or other estimates are not acceptable for determining eligibility
Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase [AST] or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) aminotransferase [ALT] < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
Total bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL, unless attributable to Gilbert's Syndrome
Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA)
- OR
Ejection fraction of >= 50% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA), choice of test according to local standard of care
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and corrected carbon monoxide diffusing capability (DLCO) must all be >= 50% of predicted by pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
- For children who are unable to perform for PFTs (e.g., due to age or developmental delay), the criteria are: no evidence of dyspnea at rest, oxygen (O2) saturation (Sat) > 92% on room air by pulse oximetry, not on supplemental O2 at rest, and not on supplemental O2 at rest
MPAL in first complete remission (CR1) for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those patients who are poorly responsive to ALL therapy (end of induction failure( IF-MPAL) to ALL induction (see IF-MPAL note below), end of induction MRD ≥ 5% or end-of-consolidation MRD > 0.01%), as well as patients treated with AML therapy
IF-MPAL: additional criterion for Induction failure for MPAL ONLY as per ALL1732:
- An increasing number of circulating leukemia cells on 3 or more consecutive CBCs obtained at daily or longer intervals following day 8 of Induction therapy and prior to day 29 with confirmation by flow cytometry OR development of new sites of extramedullary disease, or other laboratory or clinical evidence of refractory disease or progression prior to the end of Induction evaluation (note that residual testicular disease at the end of Induction is an exception)
MPAL in > second complete remission (CR2)
ALL high-risk in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: induction failure, treatment failure as per minimal residual disease by flow cytometry > 0.01% after consolidation and not eligible for AALL1721 or AALL1721 not available/unwilling to enroll, hypodiploidy (< 44 chromosomes) with MRD+ > 0.01% after induction, persistent or recurrent cytogenetic or molecular evidence of disease during therapy requiring additional therapy after induction to achieve remission (e.g. persistent molecular BCR-ABL positivity), T cell ALL with persistent MRD > 0.01% after consolidation.
ALL in CR2 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: B-cell: early (=< 36 months from initiation of therapy) bone marrow (BM) relapse, late BM relapse (>= 36 months) with MRD >= 0.1% by flow cytometry after first re-induction therapy; T or B-cell: early (< 18 months) isolated extramedullary (IEM), late (>= 18 months) IEM, end-Block 1 MRD >= 0.1%; T-cell or Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+): BM relapse at any time
ALL in >= third complete remission (CR3)
Patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) cells for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: transplant for consolidation of CART, loss of CART persistence and/or B cell aplasia < 6 months from infusion or have other evidence (e.g., MRD+) that transplant is indicated to prevent relapse
AML in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those deemed high risk for relapse as described in AAML1831:
- FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 without bZIP CEBPA, NPM1
- FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 with concurrent bZIP CEBPA or NPM1 and with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
- Presence of RAM phenotype or unfavorable prognostic markers (other than FLT3/ITD) per cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), next generation sequencing (NGS) results, regardless of favorable genetic markers, MRD status or FLT3/ITD mutation status
- AML without favorable or unfavorable cytogenetic or molecular features but with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
- Presence of a non-ITD FLT3 activating mutation and positive MRD (>= 0.05%) at end of Induction 1 regardless of presence of favorable genetic markers.
AML in >= CR2
MDS with < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation
Complete remission (CR) is defined as < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation with minimum sustained absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 300 cells/microliter for 1 week or ANC > 500 cells/microliter. We will be collecting data from all approaches to MRD evaluation performed including NGS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR. It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR
DONOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
Matched Unrelated Donors:

Unrelated donor candidates must be matched at high resolution at a minimum of 8/8 alleles (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1). One-antigen HLA mismatches are not permitted. HLA matching of additional alleles is recommended according to National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) guidelines, but will be at the discretion of local centers

Haploidentical Matched Family Members:
- Minimum match level full haploidentical (at least 5/10; HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles). The following issues (in no particular order) should be considered in choosing a haploidentical donor:
  - Absent or low patient donor-specific antibodies (DSA)
    - Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of any anti-donor HLA antibody by solid phase immunoassay should be < 2000. Donors with higher levels are not eligible.
      - If a screening assay against pooled HLA antigens is used, positive results must be followed with specificity testing using a single antigen assay. The MFI must be < 2000 unless the laboratory has validated higher threshold values for reactivity for HLA antigens (such as HLA-C, -DQ, and -DP), that may be enhanced in concentration on the single antigen assays. Donor anti- recipient antibodies are of unknown clinical significance and do not need to be sent or reported.
      - Consult with Study Chair for the clinical significance of any recipient anti-donor HLA antibody.
      - If centers are unable to perform this type of testing, please contact the Study Chair to make arrangements for testing.
  - If killer immunoglobulin testing (KIR) is performed: KIR status by mismatch, KIR-B, or KIR content criteria can be used according to institutional guidelines.
  - ABO compatibility (in order of priority):
    - Compatible or minor ABO incompatibility
    - Major ABO incompatibility
  - CMV serostatus:
    - For a CMV seronegative recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seronegative donor when feasible
    - For a CMV seropositive recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seropositive donor when feasible
  - Age: younger donors including siblings/half-siblings, and second degree relatives (aunts, uncles, cousins) are recommended, even if < 18 years
Size and vascular access appropriate by center standard for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection if needed
Haploidentical matched family members: screened by center health screens and found to be eligible
Unrelated donors: meet eligibility criteria as defined by the NMDP or other unrelated donor registries. If the donor does not meet the registry eligibility criteria but an acceptable eligibility waiver is completed and signed per registry guidelines, the donor will be considered eligible for this study
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative
Not pregnant
MUD donors and post-transplant cyclophosphamide haplo donors should be asked to provide BM. If donors refuse and other donors are not available, PBSC is allowed. TCR-alpha beta/CD19 depleted haplo donors must agree to donate PBSC
Must give informed consent:
- Haploidentical matched family members: Institution standard of care donor consent and Protocol-specific Donor Consent for Optional Studies
- Unrelated donors: standard NMDP Unrelated Donor Consent

Exclusion Criteria

PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
Patients with genetic disorders (generally marrow failure syndromes) prone to secondary AML/ALL/MPAL with known poor outcomes because of sensitivity to alkylator therapy and/or TBI are not eligible (Fanconi Anemia, Kostmann Syndrome, Dyskeratosis Congenita, etc). Patients with Downs syndrome because of increased toxicity with intensive conditioning regimens.
Patients with any obvious contraindication to myeloablative HCT at the time of enrollment
Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants
Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
Patients with uncontrolled fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections are excluded. Patients with history of fungal disease during chemotherapy may proceed if they have a significant response to antifungal therapy with no or minimal evidence of disease remaining by computed tomography (CT) evaluation
Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia or any other active site of extramedullary disease at the time of initiation of the conditioning regimen are not permitted.
- Note: Those with prior history of CNS or extramedullary disease, but with no active disease at the time of pre-transplant workup, are eligible
Pregnant or breastfeeding females are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm A (halploHCT)	Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Bone Marrow Aspiration	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Multigated Acquisition Scan	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	T-Cell Depletion Therapy	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Multigated Acquisition Scan	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Echocardiography	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Bone Marrow Aspiration	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Lumbar Puncture	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Myeloablative Conditioning	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Quality-of-Life Assessment	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Myeloablative Conditioning	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Echocardiography	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Lumbar Puncture	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Quality-of-Life Assessment	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Biospecimen Collection	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Bone Marrow Aspiration	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Myeloablative Conditioning	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Echocardiography	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Lumbar Puncture	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Multigated Acquisition Scan	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Quality-of-Life Assessment	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Questionnaire Administration	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	T-Cell Depletion Therapy	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Total-Body Irradiation	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Busulfan	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Fludarabine	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Melphalan	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Rituximab	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Tacrolimus	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm A (halploHCT)	Thiotepa	Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Busulfan	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Fludarabine	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Methotrexate	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Tacrolimus	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm B (MUD-HCT)	Thiotepa	Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Cyclophosphamide	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Busulfan	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Fludarabine	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Melphalan	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Mycophenolate Mofetil	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Rituximab	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Thiotepa	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.
Arm C (haploHCT)	Tacrolimus	Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Severe GVHD (Grade III-IV acute GVHD or chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy)	Up-to 1-year post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of severe GVHD at 1-year post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled and eligible patients randomly assigned to either HAPLO or MUD arms who actually undergo HCT.
Disease free survival (DFS) (where an event is the occurrence of death from any cause or relapse)	From date of randomization to up-to 1 year post randomization	We will estimate the cumulative incidence at 1 year post randomization and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among all enrolled and eligible patients randomly assigned to either HAPLO or MUD arms.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Summary score from the Generic Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) (excluding School Functioning)	At 6-months, 1 year and 2 years post-HCT	For enrolled, eligible patients who consent to optional QoL studies, we will estimate the mean PedsQL score (excluding School Functioning) among patients randomized to the Haplo arm, the MUD arm, and among patients who enroll to arm C. For each, we will also calculate a corresponding 95% confidence interval.
Overall survival (OS)	From date of randomization to up-to 1-year post-HCT	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality events up-to 1-year post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among all enrolled, eligible, randomized patients.
Summary score from the PedsQL Stem Cell Transplant module	6-months, 1 year and 2 years post-HCT	For enrolled, eligible patients who consent to optional QoL studies, we will estimate the mean PedsQL Stem Cell Transplant module score among patients randomized to the Haplo arm and the MUD arm, and among patients who enroll to arm C. For each, we will calculate a corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Trial Locations

Locations (62): Children's Hospital of Alabama
🇺🇸
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Phoenix Childrens Hospital
🇺🇸
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Arkansas Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Duarte, California, United States
Loma Linda University Medical Center
🇺🇸
Loma Linda, California, United States
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland
🇺🇸
Oakland, California, United States
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
🇺🇸
Palo Alto, California, United States
UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
🇺🇸
San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Hospital Colorado
🇺🇸
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Yale University
🇺🇸
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
🇺🇸
Wilmington, Delaware, United States
Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸
Washington, District of Columbia, United States
University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville
🇺🇸
Gainesville, Florida, United States
Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
🇺🇸
Jacksonville, Florida, United States
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Miami, Florida, United States
Nicklaus Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Miami, Florida, United States
AdventHealth Orlando
🇺🇸
Orlando, Florida, United States
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States
Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
🇺🇸
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
🇺🇸
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Norton Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Children's Hospital New Orleans
🇺🇸
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
C S Mott Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Children's Hospital of Michigan
🇺🇸
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Mayo Clinic in Rochester
🇺🇸
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
University of Mississippi Medical Center
🇺🇸
Jackson, Mississippi, United States
Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
🇺🇸
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
🇺🇸
Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Hackensack University Medical Center
🇺🇸
Hackensack, New Jersey, United States
Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
🇺🇸
Bronx, New York, United States
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Buffalo, New York, United States
The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
🇺🇸
New Hyde Park, New York, United States
Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
🇺🇸
New York, New York, United States
NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
New York, New York, United States
University of Rochester
🇺🇸
Rochester, New York, United States
New York Medical College
🇺🇸
Valhalla, New York, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
🇺🇸
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Duke University Medical Center
🇺🇸
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
🇺🇸
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
🇺🇸
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Penn State Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
Medical University of South Carolina
🇺🇸
Charleston, South Carolina, United States
The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
🇺🇸
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Medical City Dallas Hospital
🇺🇸
Dallas, Texas, United States
UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
🇺🇸
Dallas, Texas, United States
Cook Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸
Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Houston, Texas, United States
Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
🇺🇸
San Antonio, Texas, United States
Primary Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Richmond, Virginia, United States
University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
🇺🇸
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
The Children's Hospital at Westmead
🇦🇺
Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
Alberta Children's Hospital
🇨🇦
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
British Columbia Children's Hospital
🇨🇦
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
CancerCare Manitoba
🇨🇦
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Hospital for Sick Children
🇨🇦
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine
🇨🇦
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Mismatched Related Donor Versus Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Recruitment & Eligibility

Study & Design

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