MedPath

Amphetamine

Generic Name
Amphetamine
Brand Names
Adderall, Adzenys, Dyanavel, Evekeo, Mydayis
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C9H13N
CAS Number
300-62-9
Unique Ingredient Identifier
CK833KGX7E
Background

Amphetamine, a compound discovered over 100 years ago, is one of the more restricted controlled drugs. It was previously used for a large variety of conditions and this changed until this point where its use is highly restricted. Amphetamine, with the chemical formula alpha-methylphenethylamine, was discovered in 1910 and first synthesized by 1927. After being proven to reduce drug-induced anesthesia and produce arousal and insomnia, amphetamine racemic mix was registered by Smith, Kline and French in 1935. Amphetamine structure presents one chiral center and it exists in the form of dextro- and levo-isomers. The first product of Smith, Kline and French was approved by the FDA on 1976.

During World War II, amphetamine was used to promote wakefulness in the soldiers. This use derived into a large overproduction of amphetamine and all the surplus after the war finalized ended up in the black market, producing the initiation of the illicit abuse.

Indication

Amphetamine is indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as well as for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as narcolepsy.

ADHD is a complex disorder associated with the substantial heterogeneity in etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment outcome. ADHD comes from a complex interplay between interdependent genetic and non-genetic factors which cause complex mental disorders in children and teenagers.

On the other hand, narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder typically resenting during adolescence and characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness.

Amphetamine is also being used nowadays off-label for the treatment of obesity, depression and chronic pain.

Associated Conditions
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Chronic Pain, Depression, Narcolepsy, Obesity
Associated Therapies
-

Brain Indices of Stimulant Treatment in Drug-Naive Youth at Risk for Substance Use Disorder

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Conduct Disorder
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
Substance Abuse
Interventions
First Posted Date
2019-11-20
Last Posted Date
2024-08-29
Lead Sponsor
Jeffrey Newcorn
Target Recruit Count
33
Registration Number
NCT04170738
Locations
🇺🇸

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States

A Study on Suicidality, Psychosis or Substance Abuse With Methylphenidate, Atomoxetine, Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine or Lisdexamfetamine

Completed
Conditions
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
Interventions
First Posted Date
2019-10-21
Last Posted Date
2019-11-08
Lead Sponsor
Janssen Research & Development, LLC
Target Recruit Count
430000
Registration Number
NCT04132557
Locations
🇺🇸

Janssen Investigative Site, Titusville, New Jersey, United States

Study of the Duration and Efficacy of MYDAYIS on Adult ADHD Symptoms and Executive Function Throughout the Day Into the Early Evening

Phase 3
Completed
Conditions
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity
Interventions
Drug: MYDAYIS
Drug: Placebo
First Posted Date
2019-05-10
Last Posted Date
2024-03-08
Lead Sponsor
NYU Langone Health
Target Recruit Count
52
Registration Number
NCT03945175
Locations
🇺🇸

New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States

Neuroimaging the Expectancy Versus Pharmacotherapy Effect of Adderall on Cognitive Performance

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Expectancy Versus Pharmacotherapy Effect of Adderall
Interventions
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Adderall
First Posted Date
2018-05-21
Last Posted Date
2019-12-16
Lead Sponsor
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Target Recruit Count
4
Registration Number
NCT03530631
Locations
🇺🇸

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Impact of Combined Medication and Behavioral Treatment for ASD & ADHD

Phase 2
Terminated
Conditions
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Interventions
Drug: Amphetamine
Drug: Placebo Oral Tablet
Behavioral: ESDM informed parent coaching
First Posted Date
2017-08-08
Last Posted Date
2022-03-22
Lead Sponsor
Duke University
Target Recruit Count
18
Registration Number
NCT03242772
Locations
🇺🇸

Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Durham, North Carolina, United States

Role of Dopamine, Serotonin and 5-HT2A Receptors in Emotion Processing

Early Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Healthy
Interventions
First Posted Date
2017-01-13
Last Posted Date
2018-10-15
Lead Sponsor
University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Target Recruit Count
28
Registration Number
NCT03019822
Locations
🇨🇭

University Hospital Basel, Basel, Basel Stadt, Switzerland

A Single-Dose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Study to Determine the Effect of TAK-041 on Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in the Central Nervous System (CNS)

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Healthy Volunteers
Interventions
Drug: Amphetamine
Drug: TAK -041
Drug: [11C] (+)-4-propyl-(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO)
First Posted Date
2016-11-09
Last Posted Date
2021-03-19
Lead Sponsor
Neurocrine Biosciences
Target Recruit Count
12
Registration Number
NCT02959892
Locations
🇬🇧

Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, United Kingdom

Imaging Extrastriatal Dopamine Release in Tobacco Smokers and Nonsmokers

Completed
Conditions
Nicotine Dependence
Interventions
First Posted Date
2015-01-28
Last Posted Date
2023-03-02
Lead Sponsor
Yale University
Target Recruit Count
49
Registration Number
NCT02348385
Locations
🇺🇸

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Monoamine Contributions to Neurocircuitry in Eating Disorders

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Eating Disorder
Interventions
Drug: [11C]raclopride
Drug: [11C]DASB
Drug: amphetamine
First Posted Date
2013-12-24
Last Posted Date
2020-04-27
Lead Sponsor
University of California, San Diego
Target Recruit Count
88
Registration Number
NCT02020408
Locations
🇺🇸

University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States

Test-retest Reproducibility of [11C]PHNO PET Using the Constant Infusion Paradigm

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Healthy
Nicotine Dependence
Interventions
First Posted Date
2012-10-03
Last Posted Date
2020-03-06
Lead Sponsor
Yale University
Target Recruit Count
10
Registration Number
NCT01699607
Locations
🇺🇸

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

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