Acetaminophen: A Comprehensive Pharmacological and Clinical Review

1. Introduction to Acetaminophen

1.1. Overview and Therapeutic Class

Acetaminophen, known internationally as paracetamol, is a globally recognized non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent.[1] It is widely available both over-the-counter (OTC) and as a prescription medication. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends acetaminophen as a first-line therapeutic option for the management of mild to moderate pain.[1] Its primary clinical applications are the relief of pain and the reduction of fever, establishing it as a fundamental medication in symptomatic treatment for a diverse range of conditions.[3]

1.2. Chemical Properties and Identifiers

Acetaminophen is classified pharmacologically as a Small Molecule [User Query]. For precise identification in scientific and regulatory contexts, it is assigned the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number 103-90-2 and the DrugBank Accession Number DB00316 [User Query]. These identifiers are essential for accurate referencing in research, clinical databases, and chemical inventories.

1.3. Significance in Clinical Practice

Acetaminophen is one of the most frequently used medications for pain and fever relief in both the United States and Europe.[1] Its pervasive use is highlighted by its presence as an active ingredient in over 600 different OTC and prescription medicinal products, including standalone analgesics, fever reducers, sleep aids, and various combination formulations for cough, cold, and allergy symptoms.[5] The enduring clinical significance of acetaminophen is founded on its well-established efficacy for common ailments and a generally favorable safety profile when administered according to recommended dosing guidelines. This has solidified its position as an indispensable component of household medicine cabinets worldwide.[2]