In 2002, botulinum toxin A, also known as onabotulinumtoxinA or Botox, was the first type A botulism toxin to be introduced into the market for cosmetic use. With a wide variety of applications and favourable safety profile, Botulinum toxin A injection is a minimally invasive and promising treatment for cosmetic imperfections, muscle spasms, and other condit...
Botulinum toxin A is indicated for a variety of conditions, depending on the preparations. Cosmetically, it is used for the treatment of facial fine lines and wrinkles, specifically for upper facial rhytides, including forehead, lateral canthus, and glabellar lines.
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Praxisklinik Ulmenhof, Hamburg, Germany
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (CBNI), Milano, Italy
St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States
The Catholic University of Korea, St. Paul's Hospital, Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Korea, Republic of
Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Jung-gu, Korea, Republic of
Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Kangdong-gu, Korea, Republic of
Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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