Benzoyl peroxide
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Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and rosacea.
Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and rosacea.
Acne vulgaris is caused by inflammation in the pilosebaceous gland. Acne is generally caused by increased excretion of sebum from pilosebaceous glands, endocrine factors such as androgenic hormones, keratin developing around follicles, bacterial growth, and inflammation. These factors contribute to the formation of comedones (whiteheads and blackheads). The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals. These radicals interact nonspecifically with bacterial proteins, interfering with their function, and survival of the bacteria. Over time, free radical interactions with bacterial proteins lead to decreased keratin and sebum around follicles. Benzoyl peroxide can also increase the turnover rate of epithelial cells, leading to skin peeling, and breaking down comedones.
Benzoyl peroxide is formulated with antibiotics such as erythromycin and clindamycin for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Benzoyl peroxide is formulated as a number of topical products for the treatment of acne. Benzoyl peroxide is also indicated in combination with tretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients aged nine years and older. A triple-combination therapy including both clindamycin and adapalene is also available and indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients ≥12 years of age. Topical benzoyl peroxide is also indicated for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea in adults.
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