Dexamethasone

Generic Name
Dexamethasone
Brand Names
Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C22H29FO5
CAS Number
50-02-2
Unique Ingredient Identifier
7S5I7G3JQL
Background

Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication

Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions
Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes
Associated Therapies
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Calcitriol, Ketoconazole, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Solid Tumors

First Posted Date
2005-10-13
Last Posted Date
2013-01-31
Lead Sponsor
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Target Recruit Count
15
Registration Number
NCT00238225
Locations
🇺🇸

Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States

Effect of Paracetamol, Pregabalin and Dexamethasone on Pain and Opioid Requirements in Patients After Hip Operations

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
First Posted Date
2005-10-10
Last Posted Date
2007-08-17
Lead Sponsor
Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen
Target Recruit Count
120
Registration Number
NCT00235261
Locations
🇩🇰

Department of anaesthesiology; Hoersholm Sygehus, Hoersholm, Frederiksborg Amt, Denmark

Arsenic Trioxide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone, and Ascorbic Acid in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

First Posted Date
2005-09-28
Last Posted Date
2012-05-28
Lead Sponsor
OHSU Knight Cancer Institute
Target Recruit Count
2
Registration Number
NCT00227682
Locations
🇺🇸

OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States

Phase 2 Trial of Bevacizumab in Combination With Pemetrexed

First Posted Date
2005-09-27
Last Posted Date
2017-03-06
Lead Sponsor
Heather Wakelee
Target Recruit Count
16
Registration Number
NCT00227019
Locations
🇺🇸

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States

🇺🇸

Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States

🇺🇸

Cooper Cancer Institute, Voorhees, New Jersey, United States

and more 1 locations

A Study Evaluating Efficacy, Toxicity, Harvest Yield and Quality of Life

First Posted Date
2005-09-22
Last Posted Date
2017-07-02
Lead Sponsor
University of Kansas Medical Center
Target Recruit Count
25
Registration Number
NCT00222105

Oral Dexamethasone for Treatment of Migraine

Phase 4
Completed
Conditions
Interventions
First Posted Date
2005-09-22
Last Posted Date
2015-04-30
Lead Sponsor
The Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research
Target Recruit Count
63
Registration Number
NCT00216736
Locations
🇦🇺

Department of Emergency Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Phase III Randomized Trial of Thalidomide/Dexamethasone Versus Vincristine+Adriamycin+Dexamethasone (VAD)

First Posted Date
2005-09-22
Last Posted Date
2014-04-17
Lead Sponsor
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
Target Recruit Count
90
Registration Number
NCT00215943
Locations
🇺🇸

Morton Plant Hospital, Clearwater, Florida, United States

🇺🇸

Fawcett Memorial Hospital, Port Charlotte, Florida, United States

🇺🇸

Watson Clinic, Lakeland, Florida, United States

and more 2 locations

Reduced Dexamethasone Pre-Medication Dose in Elderly Patients Receiving Weekly Docetaxel

Phase 2
Terminated
Conditions
First Posted Date
2005-09-22
Last Posted Date
2007-11-16
Lead Sponsor
Geriatric Oncology Consortium
Target Recruit Count
40
Registration Number
NCT00215748

Efficacy of R-CHOP vs R-CHOP/R-DHAP in Untreated MCL

First Posted Date
2005-09-21
Last Posted Date
2012-09-10
Lead Sponsor
European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network
Target Recruit Count
360
Registration Number
NCT00209222
Locations
🇫🇷

Groupe D´Etudes des Lymphomes De l´Adulte (GELA), Paris, France

🇩🇪

German Low Grade Study Group (Glsg), Munich, Germany

🇵🇱

The Maria Sklodowska Memorial, Cancer Center - Inst. of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland

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