A new study published in Scientific Reports has revealed a complex relationship between dietary calcium intake and eczema risk, suggesting that moderately high calcium consumption may increase eczema prevalence in certain populations while potentially benefiting others.
Study Findings and Population Impact
The cross-sectional analysis, which examined data from 4,086 adults through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006), found that participants consuming between 770-1151.5 mg of calcium daily showed significantly higher eczema rates compared to those with lower intake levels. The study revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.913 (95% CI, 1.024-3.576, P = .043) for this group.
Particularly striking was the impact on specific demographic groups. Postmenopausal women demonstrated the most pronounced effect, with 4.382 times higher odds of developing eczema with increased calcium intake (95% CI, 1.596-12.031; P = .007). Non-Hispanic White individuals also showed elevated risk (OR, 2.449; 95% CI, 1.270-4.724; P = .011).
Lifestyle Factors and Risk Patterns
The study identified several lifestyle-related risk patterns. Nonsmokers (OR, 2.002) and both former drinkers (OR, 4.429) and light drinkers (OR, 2.964) showed increased eczema susceptibility with higher calcium intake. Notably, individuals without diabetes and those with asthma also demonstrated heightened risk.
Pregnancy and Protective Effects
In a significant finding that contrasts with the general trend, pregnant women showed a protective effect from higher calcium intake, with a 82.4% reduced risk of eczema (OR, 0.176; 95% CI, 0.042-0.731; P = .030). This finding suggests that dietary recommendations may need to be tailored based on specific population groups.
Clinical Context and Disease Burden
Eczema, affecting approximately 31.6 million Americans, remains a significant health concern with complex pathogenesis involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The condition manifests as dry, itchy, and bumpy skin, resulting from impaired barrier function and abnormal immune responses.
Implications for Clinical Practice
These findings suggest the need for more nuanced dietary recommendations in eczema management. While some populations might benefit from moderating their calcium intake, others, particularly pregnant women, may require higher levels. Healthcare providers should consider individual patient characteristics when making dietary recommendations for eczema prevention and management.
Study Limitations
The researchers acknowledge several limitations, including the cross-sectional nature of the study preventing causal inference, potential recall bias, and the inability to account for long-term dietary patterns or supplement use. Despite these limitations, the findings provide valuable insights into the role of dietary calcium in eczema risk management.
