Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death discovered in 2012, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and shows significant potential as a cancer therapeutic target, particularly in tumors with RAS mutations.
Key regulatory pathways include the GPX4 pathway, FSP1-CoQ10 pathway, and complex interactions between iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism that control ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer cells.
Ferroptosis demonstrates promising synergistic effects with cancer immunotherapy by enhancing tumor immunogenicity and promoting immune cell infiltration, with several drugs already showing dual ferroptosis-inducing and immunomodulatory properties.
Novel nanomedicines and combination therapies targeting ferroptosis pathways are emerging as innovative treatment strategies, though clinical translation remains challenging and requires further investigation.