Perirenal Fats of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Fatty Liver Disease.

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is caused by an accumulation of excessive fat in the liver that leads to liver damage. It has been noticed that fatty liver disease affects not only liver diseases but also extra-hepatic organ systems such as the cardiovascular and renal systems. Increasing the prevalence of FLD has a great association with increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity are risk factors that are shared by FLD and CKD. Moreover, patients with CKD have a great prevalence of developing FLD, and CKD incidence is increased by the presence of FLD.

Obesity is one of the most comorbidities over the world, it is related and increase the risk of cardio metabolic disease, as well as it is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the prevalence of both conditions is rising worldwide, Several recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity and the metabolic syndrome are independent predictors of CKD. The most common method for defining obesity is based on BMI(weight [kilograms] divided by the square of height [meters]).

previously abdominal fat distribution have been measured by BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), OR Waist circumference. Although waist circumference was noted to be a reliable predictor of visceral fat, many interfering factors may also reduce the reliability of WC in estimating abdominal fat deposition, as well as the associated risk for CKD like ageing and normal difference in fat distribution between the two genders. Based on these considerations, we presume that per renal fat thickness measurement by MRI may better reflect the risks commonly associated with increased visceral fat accumulation and particularly those related to renal function impairment.

Chronic kidney disease is defined as impairment or structural damage to kidney or kidney function. It manifested by reduction in estimated glomerular rate (eGFR) for at least 3 months. It presented with proteinuria or albuminuria, hematuria. The best diagnosis by biopsy showing renal impairment, or by imaging ultrasound. CKD associated with morbidity and mortality condition especially in developing countries, so it has been necessary to early detection to prevent CKD progression and associated complications, thus improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of CKD on health-care resources.

FLD begins with liver lipid accumulation, and marked hepatic fat accumulation is a risk factor for disease progression. Liver biopsy is the golden for diagnosis and assessment of the severity of steatosis and grading of fibrosis, although being invasive and difficult method. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers of liver fat Gives the advantage diagnose FLD as it is non-invasive imaging biomarkers to diagnose FLD, steatosis , and fibrosis.