Evaluation of the Effect of Lidocaine on Hemodynamic Response and Postoperative Sore Throat

Between November 2023 and December 2023, a total of 100 patients aged 18-65 with ASA 1-3 classification who are electively scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy will participate in the study. Patients with ASA 4 or higher, those aged 65 and older, those under 18, and individuals with a known allergy to local anesthesia will not be included in the study. Patients who require intubation and are admitted to the intensive care unit or who experience mortality will be excluded from the study.

All patients will undergo preoperative assessment one day before the surgery, and written informed consent will be obtained for participation in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to groups using a computer-generated randomization table. Patients in Group 1 will receive 40 mg of lidocaine HCl solution 5 minutes before endotracheal intubation, while the second group will receive standard anesthesia management as the control group.

Demographic data, medical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and pre- and post-lidocaine administration cardiac output (CO) and oxygen consumption (VO2), anesthesia time, surgical duration, as well as the occurrence of postoperative hypotension (systolic blood pressure decreased by more than 20% from baseline or SBP < 80 mmHg during surgery), nausea and vomiting, hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90% or PaO2 < 60 mmHg), hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg), and agitation during the awakening period will be recorded.

Throat pain will be assessed and recorded at postoperative hours 2, 6, 12, and 24. Throat pain will be evaluated using a throat pain scoring system ranging from 0 (no pain) to 3 (worst imaginable pain). After the surgery, all patients will be transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).