Association Between Single Gene Polymorphism (rs6746030) and the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Endodontic Treatment

The successful administration of local anesthesia is critical for the effective management of pain in endodontic procedures. Among the various local anesthesia techniques, the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is most commonly employed for procedures involving mandibular teeth. However, the IANB often fails to provide profound pulpal anesthesia, especially in cases of irreversible pulpitis. Studies have reported IANB failure rates ranging from 30% to as high as 80% despite proper technique and appropriate choice of anesthetic agents. These failures not only lead to intraoperative pain and patient discomfort but also challenge the clinician's ability to perform the procedure efficiently.Several contributing factors have been proposed to explain this high failure rate, including anatomical variability, inflammation-induced changes in local tissue pH, central sensitization, and psychological factors. More recently, there has been growing interest in the role of genetic predisposition in modulating an individual's response to local anesthetics. Pharmacogenetic studies have suggested that genetic variability in sodium channel genes may influence nociceptive transmission and anesthetic response. The SCN9A gene, located on chromosome 2q24.3, encodes the Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel, which is predominantly expressed in nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia (Dib-Hajj et al., 2007). This channel plays a pivotal role in the generation and propagation of action potentials in response to painful stimuli. Mutations and polymorphisms in SCN9A have been linked to various pain syndromes, such as primary erythromelalgia and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, as well as congenital insensitivity to pain. Notably, the rs6746030 (G>A) SNP, resulting in a missense mutation (R1150W), has been associated with increased pain sensitivity in healthy individuals and altered response to analgesics.

Given this background, it is plausible that genetic variability in SCN9A may also influence the success of local anesthetic techniques like IANB. The proposed study aims to examine whether the SCN9A rs6746030 polymorphism affects the success rate of IANB in patients undergoing root canal treatment for mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Identifying such a genetic association could lead to the development of predictive models for anesthetic response and open avenues for personalized dental anesthesia.

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the association between the SCN9A rs6746030 polymorphism and the clinical success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients undergoing endodontic treatment.

This is a prospective case-control genetic association study.A total of 200 patients presenting to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars will be enrolled. Participants will be allocated to two groups based on the outcome of IANB:

• Group A (Success Group): Patients with negative response to cold testing and no pain during access cavity preparation.
• Group B (Failure Group): Patients with persistent response to cold testing and/or intraoperative pain despite IANB.