Ultrasound Features of Endometriosis of the Uterosacral Ligaments

It is estimated that 1 in 10 women of childbearing age is affected by endometriosis. Objective examination alone is not sufficient to frame the pathology as the anatomic-clinical correspondence is relatively low: symptoms are not lesion specific and there may be asymptomatic women with pictures of severe endometriosis. Accurate diagnosis of all endometriosis by transvaginal ultrasound at the preoperative stage is therefore essential to discriminate patients who need surgery from those who can benefit from medical therapy alone, but also to be able to select a surgeon with adequate experience for this type of surgery. In recent years, moreover, it has been highlighted that ureteral endometriosis is associated with ipsilateral LUS injury. Ureteral damage has a nuanced symptomatology and cases in which the patient manifests signs and symptoms suggestive of renal resentment are rare (flank pain, renal colic, hypertension). Ureteral involvement can therefore lead to a silent loss of renal function, which in some cases requires nephrectomy. Several studies have already shown that there is a correlation between ureteral endometriosis and uterosacral ligaments (LUS) endometriosis, and that the likelihood of ureteral involvement increases with increasing nodule size. In light of this evidence and in order to improve the diagnostic power of the ultrasound method, it is therefore important to find the best combination of ultrasound parameters to predict endometriosis in LUS with sufficient accuracy.