Operational Assessment of Laboratory Information System for MDR-TB in Lima, Peru

Delays in starting patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on appropriate medication treatment lead to worsened patient outcomes and increased risk of transmission. In Peru, the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) has provided treatment for patients with MDR-TB since 1996, with cure rates ranging from 48% to 83%. Nonetheless, significant delays exist in the diagnosis of MDR cases and timely treatment initiation, in particular since MDR-TB treatment has been scaled to a national level. Our preliminary work has found that the average turn-around-time (TAT) from the request of a DST to the prescription of appropriate treatment was 148 days (4.9 months).

An information system could be used to virtually eliminate part of this delay: the time to communicate results between the different institutions. In 2001 we developed and deployed a web based medical record system, the PIH-EMR, to assist in the clinical management of these MDR-TB patients. This system includes a substantial set of data entry and analysis tools for laboratory results including sputum smears, cultures and DSTs. Over the last six months the PIH-EMR has been modified to support the decentralization of DSTs in the regional laboratories. This laboratory component of the PIH-EMR, termed "e-Chasqui," permits web-based entry of culture and DST results at all regional and central laboratories performing these tests. In addition, the system includes applications to assess quality control, generate aggregate reports, notify health centers of new results or contaminated samples, and track enrolled patients and the status of pending laboratory tests.

The NTP and the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) have agreed to integrate e-Chasqui into the current management of patients at risk of MDR-TB in two regions, and if effective, to provide a national network of all laboratories performing DST. Because of the intensive initial demands on resources and training, the implementation of the information system will occur in stages (parts A and B of this study).

Broadly put, this study will provide data on whether the use of information systems can be shown to improve quality of patient care. More specifically, it will assess the impact of e-Chasqui on reducing reporting delays and laboratory data errors, and improving patient outcomes.

This is a prospective observational controlled study to compare the effects of a web-based laboratory information system (e-Chasqui) between a network of health establishments with e-Chasqui access (intervention group) compared with a network of health establishments without e-Chasqui access (control group). The data is being collected by the overarching study "Operational Assessment of Diagnostic Methods for MDR-TB in Lima, Peru."