Impact of Family Functioning and Peer Pressure on Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-sectional Study Among Medical Students in South Punjab, Pakistan
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 366
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this cross-sectional observational study is to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on nicotine dependence in medical students enrolled at medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan (both male and female; aged 18 and older). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does family dysfunction contribute to higher nicotine dependence in medical students? Does peer pressure intensify the effect of family dysfunction on nicotine dependence? Are there gender or academic year differences in smoking status and peer pressure?
If there is a comparison group:
Researchers will compare students from functional families vs. dysfunctional families to see if nicotine dependence differs, especially under the influence of peer pressure.
Participants will:
Complete a structured, self-administered questionnaire which includes:
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine addiction severity.
The Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF) to evaluate family functioning.
The Peer Pressure Scale to identify direct and indirect peer pressure. Provide demographic information (age, gender, year of study, smoking status) for descriptive and comparative analyses.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Only
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Medical students currently enrolled in public or private medical colleges in South Punjab, Pakistan
- •Aged 18 years or older
- •Voluntarily consent to participate in the study
排除标准
- •Refusal to provide informed consent
- •Absence or unavailability at the time of data collection
- •Incomplete questionnaire or failure to complete the questionnaire
结局指标
主要结局
Nicotine Dependence Score as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
时间窗: Day 1
Primary Outcome: Nicotine Dependence The primary outcome of this study is the level of nicotine dependence among medical students, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The FTND provides a continuous score ranging from 0 to 10, based on six items. Three of these items are yes/no questions, scored as 0 (No) and 1 (Yes). The remaining three are multiple-choice questions, scored from 0 to 3. The scores from all six items are summed to calculate the total dependence score. Classification of Nicotine Dependence: 0-2: Very Low 3-4: Low 5: Moderate 6-7: High 8-10: Very High This continuous FTND score will be used to assess the impact of family functioning and peer pressure on the severity of nicotine addiction.
次要结局
- Prevalence of Dysfunctional Family Functioning as assessed by the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning (FAD-GF)(Day 1)
- Prevalence of Peer Pressure Exposure as assessed by the Peer Pressure Scale(Day 1)
研究者
Fakiha Sultana Malik
Medical Student
Nishtar Medical University