Ultrasound-guided Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block at the Lateral Supra-arcuate Ligament Versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia After Open Liver Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial

简要总结

主要结局

次要结局

• The incidence of pruritus(during 72 hours after surgery)
• NRS score for rest and coughing pain(at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery)
• Time to eat in days(through study completion, an average of 2-3 days)
• Time to defecation in hours(through study completion, an average of 60-70 hours)
• Postoperative hospital stay in days(through study completion, an average of 7-8 days)
• Clavien-Dindo classification (grade I, II, III, IV) for postoperative complication(One month after surgery)
• Numbers of additional analgesics(during 72 hours after surgery)
• The incidence of postoperative hypotension(during 72 hours after surgery)
• The incidence of nausea and vomiting(during 72 hours after surgery)
• Time to urethral catheter removal in hours(through study completion, an average of 60-70 hours)
• The incidence of respiratory depression(during 72 hours after surgery)
• consumption of opioid converted to IV morphine equivalents(during 24 hours after surgery)
• Time to ambulation in days(through study completion, an average of 2-3 days)
• Time to flatus in hours(through study completion, an average of 40-50 hours)