The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm Thickness, Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Exercise Capacity in Individuals With Sarcopenia
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
研究概览
简要总结
Sarcopenia, according to EWGSOP2(European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2019), is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. Changes in muscle strength and muscle mass that occur with aging are not only limited to the skeletal muscles surrounding the axial and appendicular skeleton, but also occur in the respiratory muscles. With aging, respiratory muscle strength decreases, muscle mass decreases, and respiratory functions decline. In sarcopenic individuals; maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and diaphragm muscle thickness values were found to be significantly lower.
It is known that exercise is the most effective and valid way to treat sarcopenia. Considering the positive effects of IMT (Inspiratory Muscle Training) on both respiratory and physical parameters in the elderly population, we think that these changes can also be observed in sarcopenic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity in sarcopenic individuals.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 65 Years 至 —（Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •People who are diagnosed with confirmed sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2019)
- •Getting a score of 24 or higher on the mini-mental state test
排除标准
- •Presence of chronic lung and/or cardiovascular disease
- •Presence of severe orthopedic diseases which may affect participants' mobility
- •Presence of uncontrollable hypertension and/or diabetes.
研究组 & 干预措施
Training Group
Individuals with sarcopenia in this group will perform three sets of 10 repetitions, with 1-minute of rest allocated between sets, twice daily, 5 days per week for eight weeks. The first session will be performed supervised in a clinic, other sessions will be performed at home. Telephone contact will be held twice a week to ensure the completion of training and clarify any doubts. Training intensity will be set at 60% of the maximum inspiratory pressure for the first week then will be set at %70 of the maximum inspiratory pressure for the second week. After the second week, training intensity will be increased as much as participants tolerated at the start of each week.
干预措施: Inspiratory Muscle Training (Device)
Sham Group
Individuals with sarcopenia in this group will perform two sets of 10 repetitions, with 1-minute of rest allocated between sets, one time a day, 2 days per week for eight weeks. The first session will be performed supervised in a clinic, other sessions will be performed at home. Training intensity will be set at 10 cm H₂O for all training sessions.
干预措施: Inspiratory Muscle Training (Device)
结局指标
主要结局
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
时间窗: Eight weeks
Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) will be measured using an electronic mouth pressure device (Micro RPM). At least 3 repetitions will be performed and the measurement will be repeated until there is less than a 5% difference between the best and the second-best measurement.
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Quiet Breathing
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at quiet breathing. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Quiet Breathing
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
Exercise Capacity Measurement
时间窗: Eight weeks
The exercise capacity of the participants will be evaluated with six-minute walk test (6MWT).
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Functional Residual Capacity \[FRC\]. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
时间窗: Eight weeks
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
次要结局
- Pulmonary Function Test [Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)](Eight weeks)
- Pulmonary Function Test [Forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75%)](Eight weeks)
- Assesment of Quality of Life(Eight weeks)
- Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)](Eight weeks)
- Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1)](Eight weeks)
研究者
Eren Özdoğan
Physiotherapist, MSc Student in Exercise Physiology, Istanbul University
Istanbul University