A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Double-dummy Study to Assess Microneedle Delivery in Comparison to Subcutaneous Injection of Adalimumab in Healthy Volunteers
试验速览
- 阶段
- 1 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Adalimumab pharmacokinetics
研究概览
简要总结
Adalimumab (Humira, AbbVie) is a highly effective treatment for a variety of auto-immune/auto-inflammatory diseases including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Adalimumab works by binding to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), hereby preventing its interaction with the TNF receptor. In the presence of complement, adalimumab can also lyse TNF-expressing cells.
Adalimumab is administered via subcutaneous injection, which has the major drawback of being perceived as unpleasant and painful, especially during long term use for both adults and children. As subcutaneous administration may therefore eventually jeopardize treatment adherence, there is a clear need for less invasive alternatives to administer highly effective biological drugs such as adalimumab.
Microneedles may be a potential alternative for invasive drug administration. Microneedles are currently widely investigated for the administration of various vaccines. The experience with administration of biological drugs is rather limited. The sparse available data suggests similar pharmacokinetics of adalimumab when administered either subcutaneous or intradermal in healthy volunteers. Moreover, the first studies report good tolerability of microneedles. However, no systematic studies have been performed yet i) to investigate pain, acceptability, and local tolerability for intradermal versus subcutaneous adalimumab administration ii) to evaluate safety, PK and immunogenicity for intradermal versus subcutaneous adalimumab and iii) to explore the usability of optical coherence tomography, clinical photography, thermal imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging in the evaluation of intradermal injections.
This study will directly compare the pain perception and hence acceptability of a single dose (40 mg) of adalimumab administered subcutaneously (SC) versus intradermally (ID) via microneedles in healthy adult volunteers. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic profile, pharmacodynamics, the immunogenicity and the tolerability will be assessed. This study will enable bridging to a future study in children and adolescents with JIA, in which the suitability of microneedles for the administration of adalimumab in pediatric patients will be examined. The overarching aim of these studies is to make administration of biologicals in children as pain free as possible.
详细描述
Objective(s)
- To evaluate the pain, acceptability and local tolerability of intradermal microneedle injection compared to subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers.
- To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of adalimumab after administration using microneedles versus subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers.
- To explore the usability of optical coherence tomography, clinical photography, laser speckle contrast imaging, and thermal imaging in the evaluation of intradermal injections.
Definitions Method: ID or SC injection Compound: adalimumab or saline Treatment: combination of method and compound Arm: sequence of treatments
Design This is a double blind, placebo controlled, double-dummy study. The study physician will administer the injection and is thus unblinded to the type of injection. All injection site assessments will be performed by (a) study independent member of the clinical staff.
Sterile saline injection will be used as a negative control. Subjects will receive an injection with both sterile saline (SC or ID) and adalimumab (SC or ID). Subjects will be randomized to one of the four arms:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
This study is double blind. Investigator, study staff, and subjects, are blinded until study closure. Investigational drug and matching placebo are indistinguishable and will be packaged similarly. Injection site assessments will be performed by (a) study-independent physician(s). The study physician will administer the injection, thus unblinded to type of injection. This physician will not reveal the route of administration to others. The investigator receives sealed emergency codes to be broken in case of emergency situations. If the identity of study drug administered needs to be known to manage the subject's condition i.e., in case of a medical emergency or in the case a SUSAR occurs, the treatment emergency code for that subject may be broken and the study drug identified. All such occurrences should be documented in the study file. Just prior to database lock unused emergency code labels will be checked and a statement that all are intact (or not) is made on database lock form.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 45 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Eligible subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria at screening:
- •Healthy male / female subjects, 18 to 45 years of age, inclusive at screening;
- •Good health, based upon the results of medical history, physical examination, vital signs, ECG, and laboratory profiles of both blood and urine;
- •Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 30 kg/m2, inclusive at screening, and with a minimum weight of 50 kg;
- •Willing to practice an approved method of birth control and not breastfeeding throughout the study and for five months after study drug administration, as advised in the drug formulary (2). If the trial subject is female, surgical sterilization or postmenopausal status for >1 year will satisfy this requirement. All female subjects are required to have a negative pregnancy test at screening and at baseline (pre-dose);
- •Fitzpatrick skin type I-II (Caucasian type);
- •Suitable site for intradermal injection on the legs, as assessed by the investigator;
- •Able and willing to provide written informed consent.
排除标准
- •Eligible subjects must meet none of the following exclusion criteria at screening:
- •Immune-compromised (known or expected immune deficiency, disease, or use of medication that may affect the immune system);
- •Diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB, as per positive skin test [Mantoux] or interferon gamma release assay), or history of TB, or latent TB, or recent contact with TB (patient); having travelled to countries where TB is endemic within eight weeks of planned drug administration or planning to travel to countries where TB is endemic from the moment of drug administration until three months after the end of the study;
- •Any confirmed significant allergic reactions (urticaria or anaphylaxis) against any drug (including adalimumab);
- •History of chronic infection, or infections within the past two years requiring hospitalization or administration of intravenous antibiotics;
- •Receipt of any live vaccination within three months prior to study drug administration, or intention to undergo live vaccinations from the moment of drug administration until four months after the end of study;
- •Positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab), or human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV Ab) at screening;
- •Evidence of any active or chronic disease (hematologic, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, neurologic, endocrinal, gastrointestinal, oncologic, pulmonary, immunologic, or psychiatric disorder) or condition that could interfere with, or for which the treatment of might interfere with the conduct of the study, or that would pose an unacceptable risk to the subject in the opinion of the investigator (following a detailed medical history, physical examination, vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body temperature) and ECG). Minor deviations from the normal range may be accepted, if judged by the investigator to have no clinical relevance;
- •History of abuse of addictive substances (alcohol, illegal substances) or current use of more than 21 units alcohol per week, drug abuse, or regular user of sedatives, hypnotics, tranquillisers, or any other addictive agent;
- •Consumption of alcohol within the 48-hour period prior to study drug administration;
- •Smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day prior to screening or use tobacco products equivalent to more than 10 cigarettes per day and/or unable to abstain from smoking whilst in the unit;
- •Positive screen for recreational drugs or alcohol;
- •Is demonstrating excess in xanthine consumption (more than eight cups of coffee or equivalent per day);
- •Unlikely to comply with the study protocol and/or to complete the study or required study procedures, including being unlikely or unable to return for follow-up visits;
- •Use of any medication (prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) within 14 days of study drug administration, or use of herbal supplements, dietary supplements or multivitamins within 7 days of study drug administration or less than five half-lives (whichever is longer), or receipt of any drug by injection within 30 days of study drug administration, with the exception of contraceptives, hormonal replacement therapies, and paracetamol (up to 4g/day). Other exceptions will only be made if the rationale is clearly documented by the investigator;
- •Donation of over 500 mL of blood within three months prior to screening or donation of plasma within 14 days prior to screening;
- •Previous exposure to any biological;
- •Participation in an investigational drug or device study within 3 months prior to screening or more than 4 times in the past year;
- •Excessive sun exposure of the injection site area within 3 weeks of enrollment;
- •Consideration by the investigator, for any reason, that the subject is an unsuitable candidate to receive adalimumab or otherwise participate in the study.
结局指标
主要结局
Adalimumab pharmacokinetics
时间窗: 10 weeks
Individual serum adalimumab concentrations will be plotted versus time per individual.
Anti-adalimumab antibodies
时间窗: 10 weeks
All subjects who received study medication will be monitored for serum anti-adalimumab antibodies.
Ex vivo cytokine levels
时间窗: 10 weeks
Ex vivo whole blood challenge will be performed to assess the effect of adalimumab on the release of cytokines by circulating immune cells and activation of these cells. Whole blood will be stimulated with 2ng/mL lipopolysaccharide and 25 ug/mL aluminium ydroxide for 24 hours at 37 degrees Celsius, 5% carbon dioxide. Culture supernatants will be assayed for release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 8, and interferon gamma.
Amount of pain
时间窗: 7 weeks
Pain will be measured using a standard 100 points visual analogue scale (0: no pain, 100: extreme pain). Insertion, injection and post-injection pain will be assessed separately.
次要结局
- Number of injection site reactions(10 weeks)
- Number of (serious) adverse events per treatment arm(10 weeks)
- Preference for subjects for either injection (SC versus ID)(2 days)