Effects of Gum Chewing on Appetite and Digestion
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 60
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Effects of mastication on appetite.
研究概览
简要总结
One obvious property difference between energy-yielding beverages and solid foods is the oral mechanical processing required to prepare the two food forms for swallowing. Considerable human data are consistent with a contribution of mechanical stimulation to appetite suppression. However, no study has isolated this property and assessed its influence on ingestive behavior in humans. This is the aim of the present study. The null hypothesis is that food rheology will have no effect on these indices. The alternate hypothesis is that increased mechanical stimulation will result in stronger satiation/satiety and reduced energy intake. Further, it is hypothesized that the effects of mastication will be less evident in obese compared to lean individuals.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •body mass index 18 -25 or 30-35 kg/ m2 good health not initiating or terminating the use of medications reported to affect appetite or body weight during the proposed study period stable activity level (no deviation > 1X/wk @ 30 min/session) no eating disorder (score <20 of the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) no allergies to test foods. not glucose intolerant or diabetic (based on fasting blood glucose between 70-99mg/dl (3.9-5.5mmol/l as recommended by the American Diabetes Association.) no history of GI pathology and self-reported consumer of breakfast and lunch.
排除标准
- 未提供
研究组 & 干预措施
soft gum
. Participants will either chew nothing or chew one of the two gum varieties (flavorless soft or hard) at a constant rate (determined by a metronome) for 15 minutes while sipping apple juice through a straw. Appetite will be measured continuously via a slide potentiometer attached to a 100mm gLMS scale. The juice will provide 10% of the participants estimated daily energy requirement (i.e., equal to 1-2 servings of most commercial snacks). It will also contain 10g of lactulose (a soluble, non-absorbable carbohydrate used to assess gastric transit time via analyses of breath hydrogen) and acetaminophen (a marker for gastric emptying).
干预措施: soft gum (Other)
firm gum
. Participants will either chew nothing or chew one of the two gum varieties (flavorless soft or hard) at a constant rate (determined by a metronome) for 15 minutes while sipping apple juice through a straw. Appetite will be measured continuously via a slide potentiometer attached to a 100mm gLMS scale. The juice will provide 10% of the participants estimated daily energy requirement (i.e., equal to 1-2 servings of most commercial snacks). It will also contain 10g of lactulose (a soluble, non-absorbable carbohydrate used to assess gastric transit time via analyses of breath hydrogen) and acetaminophen (a marker for gastric emptying).
干预措施: firm gum (Other)
no gum
. Participants will either chew nothing or chew one of the two gum varieties (flavorless soft or hard) at a constant rate (determined by a metronome) for 15 minutes while sipping apple juice through a straw. Appetite will be measured continuously via a slide potentiometer attached to a 100mm gLMS scale. The juice will provide 10% of the participants estimated daily energy requirement (i.e., equal to 1-2 servings of most commercial snacks). It will also contain 10g of lactulose (a soluble, non-absorbable carbohydrate used to assess gastric transit time via analyses of breath hydrogen) and acetaminophen (a marker for gastric emptying).
干预措施: no gum (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Effects of mastication on appetite.
时间窗: 12 hours
Effects of varying chewing intensity on self-rated hunger, fullness, desire to eat and thirst.
次要结局
- Endocrine response(4 hours)
- Blood chemistries(4 Hours)
研究者
Richard Mattes
Distinguished Prof. Foods and Nutrition
Purdue University