The Effect of Dual Tasks of Digital Technology on Cognitive Function and Physical Activity in the Older Adults With Cognitive Frailty - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background:

As the population ages, the number of diseases or problems related to old adults is also increasing, among which the problem of frailty is also rising sharply. Scholars define frailty as multiple declines in physiological systems, which lead to the deterioration of body reserve functions, increase the susceptibility to clinical symptoms, and reduce The ability to cope with acute stress, leading to related complications and adverse health outcomes, such as falls, decreased physical activity, cognitive decline, and increased mortality. Scholars van Oostrom et al. classified frailty into four types: physical frailty, psychological frailty, cognitive frailty, and social frailty. They also verified that sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and multiple diseases affect the four types of frailty . In Taiwan, most frailty research focuses on the physiological aspects. Cognitive impairment and physical frailty are common health problems in the elderly, and the relationship between the two has been widely discussed. Many studies have confirmed that physical activity can not only reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment but also is an important factor in reducing physiological frailty. The main reason is that physical activity can stimulate endothelial function and cell molecules in series, producing a protective mechanism to fight against cognitive decline and muscle loss. However, even though frailty and cognitive impairment are linked, the two conditions are often studied separately.

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have begun to realize the issues related to cognitive frailty (CF) and have begun to explore its prevalence, related influencing factors, influencing results, and intervention measures. According to the literature, the prevalence of cognitive frailty has increased significantly in recent years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults is 9% on average, with a prevalence of 13.3% in Taiwan. This increase in data is of great significance for the adjustment of health policies, nursing, and long-term care development. Literature shows that cognitive decline is a reversible state. If pay attention to this problem and start taking relevant intervention measures, we can avoid its rapid development.

The concept and assessment of cognitive decline in the elderly have been embryonic for the past five years. Conceptual definitions have been developed abroad. In recent years, many empirical studies have been conducted, most of which focus on longitudinal studies and dual-task intervention programs to verify the effects of cognitive function and physical activity on patients with cognitive impairment, but there is still a lack of randomized controlled trials. Although there are many studies on frailty in old adults in Taiwan, most of them are still Cognitive function, and physical frailty has been studied separately, and there are few studies on the topic of cognitive frailty. Therefore, this study introduced the cognitive-motor dual task of digital technology to understand the effectiveness of the dual task in cases of cognitive impairment.

Purpose: