Effect of Compression Mobilization (Kaltenborn Technique) in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease which since long times is considered to be a "wear and tear" malfunctioning disease leading to a loss of cartilage. Osteoarthritis is considered as a "degenerative joint disease Osteoarthritis is a term used for disease in which destruction of cartilage is involved (articular), with a bone thickening (subchondral) and formation of new bone. . Joint swelling is also considered as one significant clinical feature of osteoarthritis attributes to inflammation. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common type in arthritis as well as the major cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain. In addition it is attributed to mobility disability in the elder or high aged population all over the world. If we have a glimpse of Asia, prevalence rate of knee osteoarthritis is believed to be higher in the elder population most probably in women. Susan et all conducted a mega level study related to symptomatic OA, where it has been observed that there is an increasing shift in the incidental rates of OA with the age. So, it was concluded that incidence related to knee OA in women limiting the age between 70-89, approached per year is 1% in women and they had the higher rates as compared to males, especially once they are over 50 years of age. Levelling-off or declining shift tends to occur for both groups approximately at the age of 80. Research says that in China, this prevailing rate of mentioned osteoarthritis disease is 7.50%, with a ratio of 10.9 & 13.6% in males and females respectively. Bangladesh and India reports 5.80 & 10.20% respectively. Now considering mainland of Pakistan, 28% urban whereas 25% rural population suffer this particular disease.

Women are likely to suffer more with the OA as compared to men and they also tend to undergo the disease of OA with more severity. The marked increase of OA in females at menopause stages has directed towards investigational hypothesis that hormonal imbalance factor may perform a significant role for the developing of OA. However, results appearing on estrogen effects, either it's endogenous or exogenous, on OA as revealed from various observational researches have been contradictory. In a randomize clinical trials(the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study) considering the group of elder postmenopausal females suffering from heart disease, none significant variation was observed in persistence of knee pain or any associated disability while comparing those undergoing estrogen plus progestin therapy or those taking placebo.

The prevalence of OA disease and joints patterns that are effected by OA possibly vary amongst the ethnic and racial groups. The frequency of Hand and Hip OA was found remarkably less in Chinese, concluded in the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study, in resemblance to whites researched under Framingham Study. it's important to mention that Chinese females observed under the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study had considerably high prevalence of both symptomatic knee OA and radiographic knee OA as compared to white females at Framingham Study. Results while having consideration of Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project have showed the prevalence of hip OA in African American females(23%) was similar to that in white ladies (22%), with a conclusion that prevalence was a bit higher in African American men (21%) than that in white.

Result of various studies showed that dietary factor is a subject of considerable interest related to OA affected individuals. Vitamin D is considered as most advantageous nutritional factor for OA patients. Insufficiency of this specified vitamin will lead to bones thinness, brittleness or any mishaps.

Corpulence (Obesity leading to overweight) have since long been predicted as the most potent risk factor to OA, especially knee OA. A more consistence and reliable evidence found is that the alarming effects occurs due to obesity are the risks of bi-lateral radiography and symptomatic hip OA. So, it is considered that application of increased loads on joints is probably a major cause, but not necessarily, a mechanism by which the obesity results into hip or knee OA. Whereas, an application of overloading the knee and hip joints could possibly directed towards synovial joint breakdown and failure of ligamentous as well as other structural support.