Modeling and Modulating Mechanisms of Escape, Avoidance, and Approach in the Anxiety Disorder Spectrum
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 80
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in Fear-Potentiated Startle Reflex
研究概览
简要总结
This is a study to find out if a device that temporarily alters brain activity (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS) might be used to change how people with anxiety or related concerns cope with feared or anxiety-producing situations. The study is recruiting people who recently started treatment for anxiety or a related concern. The study involves 3 visits to the Medical University of South Carolina. At the first visit, participants do interviews and surveys asking about anxiety and related concerns, and they also do tasks where they see and react to emotional pictures while their brain activation is measured. At the next two visits, participants receive rTMS, which works by rapidly turning a focused magnetic field on and off repeatedly over the head in a way that passes directly through the hair, scalp, and skull and onto the brain and can temporarily increase brain activity under the magnetic field. After rTMS, participants do two tasks where they see and react to emotional situations while wearing sensors on their hand, arms, face, and head.
Each visit in this study is expected to last between 2 - 4 hours. This is not a treatment study, but the study is being conducted with the hope that it will help improve treatment in the future.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •18 - 65 y.o.
- •Meets criteria for an anxiety disorder (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive- compulsive disorder, or current adjustment disorder with anxiety
- •Is currently seeking mental health treatment
- •Is able to read consent document and provide informed consent.
- •English is a first or primary fluent language.
排除标准
- •Current alcohol or substance use disorder of more than mild severity (as defined by DSM-5 and determined using standardized self-report instruments)
- •Lifetime diagnosis of psychotic disorder or bipolar mania
- •Presence of neurological disorder that contraindicates TMS or neurophysiological recording: Seizure disorder Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness Neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia)
- •Presence of other medical disorder that would make it too uncomfortable to sit or lie still for long recording periods
- •Presence of standard contraindications for MRI or rTMS Metal in the body Currently pregnant Claustrophobia Significant sensitivity to noise Medical conditions or treatments that lower seizure threshold History of severe brain injury History of seizures/ epilepsy
- •Currently taking anticholinergic mediation, neuroleptic medication, or sedative/ hypnotic medication Note: SSRI, cholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA receptor antagonists are allowed if patient has been on a stable regimen of four weeks prior to enrollment
- •Currently taking chronic opiate medications or substances
- •Currently taking naltrexone
研究组 & 干预措施
Neurostimulation Group
On one study day, participants will complete experimental tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging. On two other study days, participants will complete tasks before and after receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). All participants will receive rTMS to ventromedial prefrontal cortex on one study day, and to pre-supplementary motor area on another study day.
Two stimulation procedures will be used, one for ventromedial prefrontal cortex and one for pre-supplementary motor area. For both targets, 3 sessions of 600 pulses at 110% of resting motor threshold will be presented over 30 minutes. For ventromedial cortex, a session will involve intermittent theta burst triplets at 50 Hz for 2 seconds and repeated every 10 seconds for a total of 190 seconds. For pre-supplementary motor area, a session will involve continuous theta burst presented in 3-pulse bursts with 15 pulses/ sec.
干预措施: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) (Device)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Fear-Potentiated Startle Reflex
时间窗: Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments)
Fear-potentiated startle is measured during an experimental task in which participants prepare to avoid, escape, or simply be exposed to aversive pictures. Fear-potentiated startle measures motivational activation during the preparation period.
Change in Speed to Initiate Avoidance Behavior
时间窗: Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments)
Reaction time to initiate flight is measured in an experimental task in which participants can win money but also must evade a slow, moderate, or fast virtual predator. Reaction time measures behavioral tendency to approach or avoid.
次要结局
- Change in Task-Related Heart Rate Changes(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in Task-Related Perceived Control(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in Difficulty of Avoiding Task-Based Aversive Exposure(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in Escape/ Avoidance Electroencephalography(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in Task-Related Skin Conductance Responding(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in Approach/ Avoidance Conflict Electroencephalography(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))
- Change in State Anxiety During Session(Immediately Pre-Stimulation and Immediately Post-Stimulation (Approx. 30 minutes between assessments))