The Effect of Weight Gain After Smoking Cessation Increased the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 12,941
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Weight Change after smoking cessation on incident T2DM in NAFLD individuals
研究概览
简要总结
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common chronic liver disease. Considering that there are no approved pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modification is necessary and challenging to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with NAFLD.
Cigarette smoking has a significant negative impact on public health, causing more than 480,000 deaths each year. Smoking has been reported as a risk factor for NAFLD and might accelerate liver disease progression. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with NAFLD quit smoking. However, smoking cessation could be complicated by weight gain. Thus, it is important to assess the impact of weight change after smoking cessation on patients with NAFLD. Proper management of post-cessation weight could maximize its health benefits.
In this large-scale cohort study, the investigators aimed to assess the effects of smoking cessation and subsequent weight change on risks of incident T2DM in individuals with NAFLD.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Retrospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •(i) age>=18 years.
排除标准
- •(i) with missing information on ultrasound, smoking status, and weight; (ii) with excess alcohol intake or history of chronic liver disease at baseline; (iii) female subjects.
结局指标
主要结局
Weight Change after smoking cessation on incident T2DM in NAFLD individuals
时间窗: a 7-year cohort study
The investigators used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of weight change during smoking cessation with the incidence of T2DM. The investigators did not find any evidence of violation of the proportional hazard assumption. In multivariable models, the investigators constructed three nested models for analysis: (i) model 1 adjusted for age, and body mass index; (ii) model 2, model 1 plus drinking status; (iii) model 3, model 2 plus aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, creatinine, albumin, and systolic blood pressure.
Weight Change after smoking cessation on incident T2DM in NAFLD-free individuals
时间窗: a 7-year cohort study
The investigators used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations of weight change during smoking cessation with the incidence of T2DM. The investigators did not find any evidence of violation of the proportional hazard assumption. In multivariable models, the investigators constructed three nested models for analysis: (i) model 1 adjusted for age, and body mass index; (ii) model 2, model 1 plus drinking status; (iii) model 3, model 2 plus aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, creatinine, albumin, and systolic blood pressure.
次要结局
- Mediation analysis of smoking relapse on incident T2DM(a 7-year cohort study)