Effects of volume-controlled ventilation versus pressure controlled ventilation on perioperative respiratory functions and postoperative ventilator requirement, in patients posted for intracardiac repair for congenital heart diseases with severe PAH.

Raised blood pressure levels in the pulmonary arteries cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare but potentially fatal illness that severely impairs lung function and causes right heart failure. Respiratory problems are a significant concern throughout the perioperative phase for individuals with severe PAH who require intrathoracic surgical procedures. Selecting a mechanical ventilation approach for these patients is a crucial part of their perioperative care. Two popular types of mechanical ventilation, with pros and cons, are Volume-Controlled Ventilation (VCV) and Pressure-Controlled Ventilation (PCV). By methodically comparing the effects of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) on respiratory functions and the length of ventilatory support in patients with severe PAH who are posted for intrathoracic repairs, this study seeks to address this critical knowledge gap. Compromised respiratory and cardiovascular systems are standard in patients with severe PAH. The decision between VCV and PCV must consider factors such as total respiratory efficiency, hemodynamic stability, and lung protection—all of which are critical to the health of these high-risk patients. This study seeks to provide critical evidence-based insights about the most appropriate ventilation method for patients with severe PAH having intrathoracic repairs, as there is currently no consensus in the literature and clinical practice in this area.