Influence of Stressors and Recovery Regulation on the Super-compensation Effect of Endurance Athletes After High-intensity Intensive Training
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 158
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Stressor
研究概览
简要总结
Purpose: Investigating the effects of stressors and recovery regulation on the super-compensation effect of high-intensity intensive training (IT) in endurance athletes. Methods: This study will recruit 176 competitively trained endurance adult athletes. Participants will conduct a 7-week 3-stage experiment, including 3 weeks of regular training, 3 weeks of 130% progressive IT, and 1 week of 55% taper. Measurement will include training responses (performance and fatigue symptoms), stressors, recovery regulation, and mood state at baseline, during and after regular training, IT, and taper separately. According to the performance after taper, all participants will category into either the responder or non-responder of well-response to supercompensation effect. Statistic analysis: Independent t-test, Chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression will be used to compare the difference in training responses, stressors, recovery regulation, and mood state characteristics between responder and non-responder groups. P value sets at 0.15 for identifying the potential predictors. Logistic stepwise multiple regression will be used further to determine the significant predictors for the responders of well-response to the super-compensation among endurance athletes. P value sets at 0.05.
详细描述
- Research problems and motivation:
(1) Research problems: Currently, the primary challenge in sports training monitoring resides in the disparity of responses among athletes to identical high-intensity, high-volume training stimuli (e.g., total distance, frequency, intensity, workload) (Aubry et al., 2015; Aubry et al., 2014; Bellinger, 2020; Le Meur et al., 2014; Le Meur et al., 2013). Despite the widespread dissemination of preventative strategies for overtraining syndrome among coaches and athletes in current sports science research, non-functional overreaching and overtraining syndrome continue to exhibit a prevalence of approximately 19% to 30% in recent years.
(2) Research motivation: Recent studies have found that following high-intensity, high-volume training, approximately 45.5% to 100% of individuals are categorized as athletes who fail to recover and show poor responses adequately (Aubry et al., 2015; Aubry et al., 2014; Bellenger, Karavirta, et al., 2016; Bellenger et al., 2017; Bellinger, 2020; Fuller et al., 2017; Le Meur et al., 2013; Woods et al., 2018). This phenomenon may be influenced by factors such as inadequate individual recovery capacity or excessive external stressors. Hence, there is an increased emphasis on understanding individual differences, including stressors and recovery regulatory characteristics. By observing the differences between athletes who successfully improve their performance (responders) and those who do not (non-responders) following high-intensity, high-volume training, it may be possible to enhance the precision of future applications of high-intensity, high-volume training in terms of effectiveness and safety.
- Study purpose and hypotheses:
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The purpose of this study are two:
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To investigate the training responses (sports performance and fatigue symptoms) post-intervention among endurance athletes who exhibit either compensatory training effects (responders) or fail to show such effects (non-responders) following high-intensity, high-volume training. Additionally, it will examine the differences in stressors, recovery regulatory, and emotional state characteristics between these two groups during the intervention period.
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To explore the impact of stressors and recovery regulatory characteristics on the presence or absence of compensatory effects following high-intensity, high-volume training among endurance athletes who either respond well or poorly to the intervention. The aim is to understand, through a simple yet comprehensive sideline measurement approach, the characteristics of athletes regarding their ability to adequately recover from fatigue states induced by high-intensity, high-volume training.
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The hypotheses of this study:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Screening
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
Prior to the commencement of the experiment and during the experimental period, both the participants and the investigator will be unaware of whether the participants exhibit a good response to compensatory training effects. After the participants complete the entire experimental procedure, they will be grouped post hoc based on their outcomes following the intervention, according to predetermined criteria.
The criteria for determining whether there is a good response to compensatory training effects:
- Non-response group: Exercise performance during the tapering period (week 7) shows a significant increase compared to post-intervention (week 6) and is higher than pre-intervention (week 3) exercise performance.
- Response group: Exercise performance during the tapering period (week 7) shows a significant increase compared to post-intervention (week 6) and is higher than the change in exercise performance during normal training (= week 3 - week 1).
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Athletes aged 18 or above with endurance-type competitive sports experience. For instance, athletes who have participated in track events of 400 meters or longer, marathons, road cycling, swimming, rowing, race walking, triathlons, orienteering, and similar competitive events.
- •A habitual training regimen of at least 6 hours per week. For instance, training three times a week for at least 2 hours each session.
- •Minimum of 3 years of training experience, such as being part of a school team or a specialized athlete.
- •No severe injuries within the past year. For instance, severe non-regenerative anemia, craniotomy due to cerebral aneurysm, acute myocardial infarction, severe hepatic cirrhosis, severe systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, severe head trauma, and similar conditions.
- •Not taking substances affecting athletic, physiological, and psychological performance. For instance, unauthorized drugs, prohibited substances, growth hormones like somatotropin and related substances, β2 agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, diuretics, masking agents, stimulants, anesthetics, cannabis, adrenal corticosteroids, and similar substances.
排除标准
- •Presence of an illness resembling symptoms of overtraining syndrome in the week before the start of the experiment. This includes primary viral illnesses, bacterial infections, associated inflammatory diseases, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism.
- •Suspected symptoms of high-risk overtraining syndrome in the week preceding the experiment, such as persistent fatigue or exhaustion, unexplained significant decrease in athletic performance exceeding 10%.
研究组 & 干预措施
Regular training
Participants maintain their regular training habits for 3 weeks.
High-intensity intensive training
Participants increase their regular regular training volume by 10% each week for 3 weeks.
干预措施: High-intensity intensive training (Other)
Taper
Participants gradually reduced to 55% of their regular training volume for 1 week.
干预措施: Taper (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Stressor
时间窗: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
The stress score of the recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-sport) questionnaire.
Recovery regulation
时间窗: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
The recovery score of the recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-sport) questionnaire.
Peak power output
时间窗: Baseline, the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th week
The peak power output at the end of an incremental exercise test.
Mood state
时间窗: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
The total score of the Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire.
次要结局
- Maximal heart rate(Baseline, the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th week)
- Fatigue state(Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week))