Effect of Conditioning Activities on Neuromuscular Performance in Female Invasion Sports Athletes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 20
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Countermovement Jump Height
研究概览
简要总结
This study will investigate how different warm-up strategies affect physical performance in female athletes who practice invasion sports (e.g., soccer, handball, and basketball). Participants will complete three different conditions: a standard warm-up only, a warm-up followed by a performance-enhancing activity, and a warm-up followed by a low-intensity activity designed to simulate the same expectations without real physiological effects.
After each condition, athletes will perform tests of vertical jump performance and change-of-direction speed. In addition, participants will report their perceived effort, expectations, muscle soreness, and recovery status.
The study will include eighteen female athletes and will be conducted under controlled conditions, including standardized hydration, recovery, and environmental factors. The design will allow comparison of the physical and psychological effects of the different warm-up strategies on performance.
详细描述
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) refers to the transient improvement in performance following maximal stimuli, attributed to the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. However, due to its brief and involuntary nature (typically lasting less than 2 minutes, with a half-life of approximately 28 seconds), its practical contribution is limited.
Based on this, other mechanisms such as increased muscle temperature and water content, enhanced motor unit recruitment, and increased neural excitability appear to have greater practical relevance.
Accordingly, the term post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) was proposed to describe performance improvements following maximal or submaximal conditioning activities. Its magnitude may vary according to factors such as sex, strength level, recovery time, training experience, and protocol characteristics.
Despite recent advances, the optimal parameters of conditioning activities to maximize PAPE remain inconclusive, and many studies present methodological limitations, such as lack of randomization, blinding, and familiarization procedures.
Furthermore, there is a need to thoroughly explore the role of participants' expectations, as well as to include placebo or nocebo conditions, as these psychophysiological factors may significantly influence performance outcomes. In this context, assessor blinding is essential to reduce potential bias.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Female athletes aged 18 to 30 years
- •Familiarity with the proposed tests and exercises
- •Ability to perform all testing procedures
- •Regular participation in invasion team sports (at least two sessions per week) for a minimum of two years
排除标准
- •Presence of musculoskeletal injuries that could limit test performance
- •Injury occurring during the study period
- •Absence for more than seven days between experimental sessions
- •Failure to comply with the data collection schedule
研究组 & 干预措施
Conditioning Activity
The "real" conditioning activity will consist of one set of six repetitions of drop jumps performed at maximal intensity. The box height will be individually determined during two familiarization sessions to ensure optimal performance and safety. Each repetition will be separated by a 15-second interval.
Participants will be instructed to step off the box and, upon ground contact, perform the jump as quickly as possible, emphasizing minimal ground contact time and maximal rebound height. Arm swing will be allowed to ensure maximal performance.
干预措施: post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol (Other)
Control Condition
In the control condition, only the standardized warm-up will be performed. However, the total duration will be adjusted to match the other conditions, with no additional intervention. In other words, if the conditioning activity and SHAM conditions last 25 minutes (10 minutes of standardized warm-up + 15 minutes of the conditioning activity itself), in the control condition participants will perform the standardized warm-up repeatedly until reaching 25 minutes.
干预措施: post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol (Other)
Sham Condition
The SHAM condition will be performed using the free-weight squat with a load of 20% of 1RM, i.e., a "simulated" conditioning activity insufficient to induce physiological effects. Three sets will be performed, with three-minute intervals between them. During these intervals, pneumatic tourniquets (77 × 21.5 cm) will be placed on the proximal portion of the thighs and inflated to (only) 15 mmHg for 3 minutes (including 30 seconds before and after for placement and removal).
Movement cadence will be controlled using a metronome, ensuring that participants perform the movement in synchrony with the auditory signal. The adopted cadence will be 20/20, i.e., 2 seconds for the eccentric phase and 2 seconds for the concentric phase, totaling 4 seconds per repetition.
Players will receive verbal suggestion that this technique is expected to improve performance with less fatigue compared to the "heavy" exercise, referring to the "real" conditioning activity condition.
干预措施: post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Countermovement Jump Height
时间窗: Baseline (pre-intervention) following each experimental condition within the same session.
Countermovement jump height (cm), assessed under standardized conditions using a contact mat. Participants will perform three attempts, and the mean value will be used for analysis. Jumps will be executed with hands on hips to minimize upper-body contribution. Measurements will be collected at baseline and after each experimental condition to evaluate changes in performance.
次要结局
- Agility Performance(Baseline (pre-intervention) and after the CMJ assessment (following each experimental condition).)
- Participant Expectation(Post-intervention (after each condition).)
- Agility Performance(Baseline (pre-intervention) and after the countermovement jump assessment (following each experimental condition).)
研究者
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota
Full Professor (PhD)
Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro