Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can vary from mild, self-resolving episodes to severe, potentially fatal conditions(1). Clinically, AP is classified into mild acute pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and SAP patients are described by multi-organ failure and high mortality rates(2). The mortality rate of acute pancreatitis varies, ranging from 3% in cases of mild edematous pancreatitis to as high as 20% in patients with pancreatic necrosis(3).The progression of AP can lead to systemic complications, making early prediction of clinical outcomes essential for effective management(4).

In recent years, there has been growing interest in identifying reliable biomarkers that can predict the severity and outcomes of acute pancreatitis(5). Systemic inflammation is a key factor in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, often leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and subsequent organ dysfunction(6). Consequently, assessing systemic inflammation has become a crucial aspect of managing AP patients(7).

The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) is recognized in the literature as an inflammatory marker that combines routine blood parameters, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes(8). Both SIRI and the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) are emerging as novel biomarkers for systemic inflammation(9). SIRI is calculated using neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, while SII is based on platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts(10)