Effects of Race Pace Based Approach on the Performance of Recreational Runners: a Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 28
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change from Baseline of Running Economy
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of the study was to compare the performance effects of the intensity demarcation model based on the race pace based approach with the triphasic physiological model and heart rate variability guidelines (HR+HRV)
详细描述
After being informed and signing informed consent about the present study, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups before the intervention phase using a Web-based computer program (www.randomizer.org). Groups were matched on a 1:1:1 basis by gender, age, and performance in an official 10-km race in the previous month. Once selected, participants in the heart rate variability (HRV) group began daily measurements to obtain their personalized parameters.
The groups changed according to the intensity zone demarcation pattern: heart rate (HR), race pace (RP) and HR+HRV. The HR group was considered the active control group, as considered the current best practice according to the current literature in endurance running. A 4-week pre-intervention plus 6-week intervention program was set up.
Participants were assessed in four different sessions, two for laboratory evaluations and two for time trial performance. The first session consisted of a running economy test, and, after at least half an hour of rest, a maximal incremental treadmill run. They familiarised themselves with the training sessions according to their group (i.e., running based on HR, RP or HR+HRV guidelines, respectively).
The HRV4training mobile application (https://www.hrv4training.com) was used to assess HRV for one minute in the morning. The difference in RR intervals between heartbeats is used to calculate HRV. The program then uses this information to calculate the rMSSD and moving average (LnrMSSD7-d), converting the results to a number between 5 and 10. Then, the participant must answer a series of questions including his or her current physical state, sleep quality, muscle soreness, etc. After interpolating these variables, the application shows the subjective value derived from the body's reaction to stresses. As a result, daily indications are given in numerical form, with a range of normality (for HR and HRV) that varies each day depending on how the person reacts to stress. Participants were instructed to take the measurement as soon as they woke up, with an empty bladder, lying down, trying to limit movement, and breathing naturally
Training variables (total time, distance, total time spent in each zone) and Training Impulse (TRIMP) were the same for all groups
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being adults
- •VO2max between 45 and 60 mL·min-1·kg^-1 for men
- •VO2max between 40 and 55 mL·min^-1 for women
- •More than 4 days per week of training frequency
- •Running experience ≥ 2 years
- •Record HR data of all training sessions during the study
排除标准
- •Previous injuries for at least three months
- •Any cardiovascular condition that compromises health status and participation in the study
结局指标
主要结局
Change from Baseline of Running Economy
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Tests were performed on the treadmill and respiratory gas analysis was carried out. The laboratory tests included: - Running economy (RE) test (ml·kg·km) RE was measured by running two blocks at constant speeds (7 and 9 km·h\^-1 or 8 and 10 km·h\^-1, respectively), depending on the subject's level, intensities below the first ventilatory threshold. Each block lasted three minutes. RE is one of the physiological determinants of endurance performance: an improvement in RE over time indicates an improvement in performance
Change from Baseline of VO2max
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Tests were performed on the treadmill and respiratory gas analysis was carried out. The laboratory tests included: - Maximum oxygen consumption test (VO2max) After 30 minutes of rest, a maximal incremental test was performed to calculate relative VO2max (ml·kg\^-1·min\^-1) and absolute VO2max (L·min\^-1). The test started at the last speed of the RE test (9 or 10 km·h\^-1), depending on the subject's level. The speed increased continuously by 0.5 km·h-1 every minute until exhaustion. The mean value of the last 30 s of the VO2, a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) \>1.05, a HR \> 95% of the maximum HR, and an RPE \> 18 were the variables considered to calculate the VO2max VO2max is one of the determinants of endurance performance. The relative VO2max is influenced by weight (at equal VO2max, the runner who weighs less is more advantaged). An improvement in absolute and relative values of VO2max over time indicate an improvement in performance
Change from Baseline of the First Physiological Thresholds (VT1)
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2), measured by gas analysis, are some of the determinants of endurance performance, along with running economy and VO2max. Were measured changes in: - Velocity associated with the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) in km·h\^-1 Velocity zones corresponding to VT1 indicates a low intensity zone. An increase over time in VT1 indicates an improvement of the aerobic system
Change from baseline in HR associated with the first ventilatory threshold
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Ventilatory thresholds (VT), measured by gas analysis, are some of the determinants of endurance performance, along with running economy and VO2max. were measured changes in: - HR associated with the first ventilatory threshold HR-VT1 in beats per minute (bpm). A lower HR associated with VT1, indicates an improvement of the aerobic system over time
Change from Baseline of Maximum aerobic velocity (VAM)
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Tests were performed on the treadmill and respiratory gas analysis was carried out. The laboratory tests included: - Maximum aerobic velocity (VAM) in km·h\^-1 VAM was calculated as the minimum speed that elicits maximum oxygen consumption. VAM is one of the physiological determinants of endurance performance. An increase in VAM velocity over time is an indication of improved performance
Change from Baseline of the second Physiological Thresholds (VT2)
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Ventilatory thresholds (VT), measured by gas analysis, are some of the determinants of endurance performance, along with running economy and VO2max. Were measured changes in: - Velocity associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) in km·h\^-1. Intensity zones corresponding to VT2 indicates a high intensity zone. An increase over time in VT2 indicates an improvement in the anaerobic system
Change from Baseline of 7-km Time Trial Performance
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Before and after 6 weeks, the final time achieved in a 7-km time trial performance was calculated for all participants. The athletes were instructed to achieve their best performance on the 7-km. The test was performed in a 400m regulation athletic track. Verbal encouragement was given to all runners in both tests every 400-m lap. Participants used the same shoe model in the two tests and were asked not to use stimulants (coffee, tea, etc.). They performed the tests at the same time of day ± (2 hours). A decrease in the final time in the second test, indicates an improvement in performance
Change from baseline in HR associated with the second ventilatory threshold
时间窗: Baseline and after 6 weeks
Ventilatory thresholds (VT), measured by gas analysis, are some of the determinants of endurance performance, along with running economy and VO2max. were measured changes in: - HR associated with the second ventilatory threshold (HR-VT12) in beats per minute (bpm). Higher HR associated with VT2, indicates an improvement of the anaerobic system over time
次要结局
- Changes in BMI (kg/m^2)(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
- Changes in Free Fat Mass(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
- Change of Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale after 6 weeks protocol(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
- Changes in Body Weight(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
- Changes in Height (cm)(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
- Changes in Fat mass(Baseline and after 6 weeks)
研究者
Arturo Casado
Principal Investigator
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos