Association of Platelet Parameters Identified by the Sysmex XN-1000 and Flow Cytometry With Concurrent and Subsequent Bleeding Severity in Children With Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Multicenter Study

Many children with severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) present with mild symptoms and their disease spontaneously resolves within 3 to 6 months. However, a subset of pediatric ITP patients experience severe bleeds and their symptoms persist for more than 6 to 12 months. Both patient populations present with similarly low platelet counts, making it difficult to predict the disease course and to decide on a treatment plan. The current American Society of Hematology treatment guidelines advise that most cases of ITP may be managed through close observation, while pharmacological interventions that may result in treatment-related toxicities may be used in patients with more severe bleeding symptoms. In order to improve the care and management of pediatric patients with ITP, it is necessary to develop a better predictor of bleeding events and disease severity than the patient's platelet count.

In a previous single-center study, investigators studied the association of different platelet parameters with patient bleeding severity. Using whole blood from patients diagnosed with severe ITP, investigators measured the immature platelet fraction (IPF) and absolute immature platelet count (IPC) through a hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN-1000). Investigators performed functional tests on the platelets and analyzed them through flow cytometry. In this study, the investigators found that the IPF and IPC is associated with patient bleeding severity, independent of platelet count. It was also determined that functional activation markers such as P-selectin and glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa are significantly associated with subsequent bleeding severity in children, independent of platelet count. The results of these proposed studies in ITP patients may suggest clinically relevant uses of these assays.

To confirm these findings, this trial will repeat the previous study in a multi-center patient population, including a greater number of patients with severe bleeding and low platelet counts.