Effects of Extended Fasting Prior to Evening Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Performance.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 16
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
研究概览
简要总结
This study will compare the appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance responses to a bout of exercise completed in the evening after an extended period of fasting with a similar bout of exercise completed in the evening and the morning, after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal.
详细描述
Regular exercise is known to be a successful strategy for improving several facets of health and maintaining body weight. However, many people are not engaging in enough exercise, and some may not be achieving maximum benefits from the exercise that they already do. Performing exercise in the overnight fasted state has been shown to reduce energy intake over the course of a single day, without any compensatory reductions in free-living energy expenditure. Despite these promising findings, it is likely that not every member of the population is logistically able to perform exercise in the morning due to various work, family and social commitments, and exercise in the evening may be a logical alternative for these individuals. Whether the beneficial effects of overnight fasted exercise can be observed at an alternative time of the day (i.e. the evening) is unknown.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the compensatory appetite and energy intake responses following a bout of evening exercise performed after an extended (7 hour) period of fasting. Exercise performance will also be assessed as a marker of voluntary energy expenditure, which if reduced, has the potential to compensate for the reduced energy balance induced by fasted exercise.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 40 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Non-smokers.
- •Have maintained a stable weight for 6 months (self-reported).
- •No history of gastric, digestive, cardiovascular or renal disease (self-reported).
- •Female specific: must be using a monophasic, low dose combined OCP (containing less than 50μg oestradiol and a synthetic progestin) OR females with regular menstrual cycles (self-reported).
排除标准
- •Have an unusual eating pattern (i.e., extended fasting periods >8h other than overnight - self-reported).
- •Severe food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods or drinks.
- •Currently undergoing a lifestyle intervention (structured diet or exercise)
- •Diagnosis of a condition or currently undergoing treatment therapy known to affect glucose or lipid metabolism (e.g., type-2 diabetes, taking statins), or contraindications to exercise.
- •Use of medication or supplements that may affect hormone concentrations.
- •Excessive alcohol consumption (>14 units/week).
- •Intensive training schedule (>10 hours/week).
- •Having received a positive COVID-19 test in the 6-month period prior to participation.
- •Female specific: currently pregnant or breastfeeding, the use of any hormonal contraception, and the self-reporting of short (<24 d), long (>35 d), or irregular menstrual cycles.
研究组 & 干预措施
Fasted Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, following a 7 hour period of fasting.
干预措施: Fasted Evening Exercise (Behavioral)
Fed Evening Exercise
Exercise will take place in the evening, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
干预措施: Fed Evening Exercise (Behavioral)
Fed Morning Exercise
Exercise will take place in the morning, after having consumed a carbohydrate-containing meal 2 hours prior.
干预措施: Fed Morning Exercise (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Voluntary energy intake (Kilocalories) at a laboratory-based test meal
时间窗: 15 minutes following the end of the exercise session.
A laboratory-based meal consisting of pasta, tomato sauce and olive oil will be provided to participants in excess of expected consumption. Participants will be permitted 20 minutes to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied'.
Exercise Performance (Voluntary Energy Expenditure)
时间窗: Within the 15-minute performance test component of the exercise session.
Maximum energy expenditure (Kilojoules) that can be completed within 15 minutes on a stationary bicycle ergometer. The participant will be able to alter their power output by selecting up or down on the ergometer control unit as they please.
次要结局
- Substrate Utilisation During Steady State Exercise.(Within the 30-minute steady-state component of the exercise session.)
- Visual Analogue Scale for Subjective Ratings of Appetite(Baseline, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, and 24 hours.)
- Enjoyment of the Exercise Bout(Immediately following the end of the exercise session.)
- Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).(Within the 45-minute exercise session.)
- Pre-exercise Subjective Feelings(Immediately before the exercise session.)
研究者
Tommy Slater
Principle Investigator
Nottingham Trent University