Enriching Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Emotion Regulation Training in Patients With Chronic Multiple Somatoform Symptoms (ENCERT): A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 255
- 试验地点
- 14
- 主要终点
- Change in somatic symptom severity (Screening of Somatoform Disorders, SOMS-7T) from pre-assessment to four in-between assessments to post-assessment to follow-up
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether cognitive-behavioral therapy enriched with strategies from emotion regulation training leads to better improvement in somatic symptoms and comorbid problems than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone.
详细描述
Somatic symptoms not caused by a known biomedical condition ("somatoform disorders") are highly prevalent, involve a high risk of chronicity, are one of the major reasons for doctor visits, and are a tremendous burden for health care systems. Despite the economic relevance, research activities are disproportionately low. The only intervention with an evidence grade I is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). However, average effect sizes for CBT in somatization syndromes are only moderate (Cohen's d < 0.5), and more powerful interventions are needed.
There is convincing evidence that patients with somatoform disorders have emotion regulation deficits, which are not addressed by current CBT approaches. Based on positive results of a small pilot study it is expected that enriching CBT programs with emotion regulation techniques improves treatment outcome. The primary goal of the proposed project is therefore to evaluate this hypothesis in a randomized design.
Patients will be primarily recruited via referrals by primary care doctors. After a screening phase a baseline assessments with different self- and clinician-rating scales (see Outcome Measures) follows. If participants fulfill the eligibility criteria they will be randomized to one of the two study arms: cognitive-behavioral therapy vs. cognitive-behavioral therapy enriched with emotion regulation strategies. After every therapy session patients will be screened in regard to aspects of therapeutic alliance, adverse events, and symptom intensity/annoyance. The post assessment takes place after the 20th session and a follow-up is planned six months after post treatment.
Different methods will be applied to prevent bias and to assure a high quality level of the current study. Data handling, data monitoring and statistical analyses will be supervised by the Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (KKS) of Philipps-University of Marburg; data quality and safety principles will be applied. Additionally an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board will be nominated. The study center will visit all study sites regularly to verify correct procedures, data sampling, and data management. Randomisation occurs and is controlled centrally through the randomisation's central office in KKS Marburg. Furthermore the current study constitutes a single-blinded trial. Assessment interviews are conducted and analyzed by people blinded to the treatment condition. Additionally, treatments are manualized, and therapists receive an intense training. Treatment fidelity/integrity is analyzed with rating schemes for 5% randomly selected videotaped treatment sessions. Allowed additional treatments during study inclusion are thoroughly monitored and analyzed.
The sample size calculation is based on the primary outcome variable "somatization severity index" of the Screening of Somatoform Disorders (SOMS-7T). Based on results of the main validation study of SOMS-7T, meta-analytic estimations, and results of a pilot study of the efficacy of ENCERT, the power calculations yield a necessary total sample size of N=194 to detect a clinical relevant difference of 4 points symptom reduction on SOMS-7T between the two treatments with a power of 0.80 and an alpha=.05. With regard to an estimated drop-out rate of 20%, N=244 patients are to be recruited.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 69 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- 未提供
排除标准
- •Severe alcohol/drug addiction
- •Acquired brain injuries
- •Psychoses (history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders; bipolar disorders)
- •Primary disorder requesting other treatments (e.g., suicidality)
- •Biomedical etiology of major symptoms (also if detected during treatment course
- •Ongoing psychotherapy
- •Continuous or intermittent, high-dosage (on average more than once per 2 weeks) benzodiazepine treatment
- •Continuous antipsychotic treatment
- •Continuous opioid treatment
- •For patients on medication with antidepressants: treatment regime changes during the time between 4 weeks prior to treatment until follow-up
研究组 & 干预措施
ENCERT
ENCERT contains 1) psychoeducation (session1), 2) relaxation techniques for coping with stress (sessions 2-4), 3) non-judgmental awareness of body perceptions, (sessions 5-7), 4) modifying illness behavior and accepting unpleasant body perceptions (sessions 8-13), 5) attention defocusing on positive perceptions plus emotional self-support (sessions 14- 15), 6) analyzing interpretation processes to understand situational cues (sessions 16-17), and 7) change of behavior and interpretations (sessions 18-20). The innovative elements of ENCERT are: improving the awareness for the association of somatic symptoms with emotions, learning non-judgmental awareness and acceptance of unpleasant body perceptions, achieving high-frequent skill exercising with the emotion regulation audio training.
干预措施: Cognitive-behavioral therapy + emotion regulation training for patients with multiple somatoform symptoms (Behavioral)
CBT
This arm is based on traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy that can be considered the current "treatment of choice", being the only intervention with an evidence grade 1a (Kroenke, 2007). As such, it presents the reference of efficacy and safety for new regimen. The strictly manualized program includes the following components focusing on the special needs of chronic somatoform patients: psychoeducation providing a framework for psychotherapy, attention defocusing, reduction of over-interpretation of symptoms, increase of physical activity, stress reduction.
干预措施: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with multiple somatoform symptoms (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in somatic symptom severity (Screening of Somatoform Disorders, SOMS-7T) from pre-assessment to four in-between assessments to post-assessment to follow-up
时间窗: From pre-assessment (admission) to four in-between assessments (9, 13, 17, 21 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission)
Assessment of somatic symptom severity during the last 7 days (self-rating)
次要结局
- Inventory of the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy (INEP) at follow-up(Follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in general psychopathological symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90, SCL-90) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in emotion regulation skills (Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire, ERSQ) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in health anxiety (Whiteley Index, WI) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in social competence, emotion regulation, relaxation abilities, stress management, etc., in different areas of life (The Operationalized Assessment of Abilities, OFD) from pre-assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Inventory of the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy (INEP) at post-assessment(Post-assessment (25 weeks after admission))
- Change in symptom-focussed coping strategies (Pain Coping Questionnaire, FESV; Geissner, 2003) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in symptom-caused disability (Pain Disability Index, PDI) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in health-related quality of life (EuroQoL-5D, EQ-5D) from pre-assessment to one in-between assessment to post-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to one in-between assessment (13 weeks after admission) to post-assessment (25 weeks after admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
- Change in health care utilization and indirect costs (Structured Interview for the Assessment of Health Care Utilization, HCU) from pre-assessment to follow-up(From pre-assessment (admission) to follow-up (12 months after admission))
研究者
Winfried Rief
Professor of Clinical Psychology
Philipps University Marburg Medical Center