Detecting and Evaluating Childhood and Anxiety and Depression Effectively in Subspecialties

SPECIFIC AIMS: Mental Health and Quality of Life in Children with Gastrointestinal Disorders Depression and anxiety are two of the most common and dangerous disorders in childhood and adolescence. Currently, a large proportion of children with these disorders remain unrecognized or untreated resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. The rates of depression and anxiety are significantly higher in children with chronic illnesses, including gastrointestinal disorders, than in the general population. Furthermore, children with depression or anxiety are far more likely to have somatic complaints, and have greater utilization of subspecialty care, especially in gastroenterology. Functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic recurrent abdominal pain, and functional dyspepsia frequently have comorbid anxiety or depression.

Efforts to recognize and treat mental health problems in children with chronic medical illness, such as gastrointestinal disorders, have been shown to improve adherence to therapy, as well as other clinical outcomes. More importantly, improving such mental health problems might go far to addressing the outcomes patients care about most with respect to their gastroenterological disease. Unfortunately, mental health resources are often difficult for families to access, even when these disorders are recognized.

Validated screening tools exist to screen for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, including the Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Despite the established importance of depression and anxiety in the gastrointestinal health of children and adolescents, few data exist describing the treatment of anxiety and depression by pediatric gastroenterologists. Furthermore, little is known about how families or patients view the subspecialty office as the setting to detect or care for mental illness. Additionally, if anxiety and depression are identified by the gastroenterologist, many practitioners find either they have limited training and expertise in the management of adolescent mental health disorders, or they encounter barriers to referral to a mental health specialist, especially in children with public insurance.

Therefore, the specific aims of this research project are to:

Aim 1: Determine family and patient attitudes towards tools to screen for mental illness in a pediatric subspecialty office utilizing structured interviews.