The Influence of Bitter Substrates on Hunger, Gastrointestinal Hormone Release and Hedonic Food Intake
试验速览
- 阶段
- 4 期
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 14
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Changes in plasma levels of motilin, ghrelin, somatostatin, GLP-1 and CCK after bitter administration into the stomach or duodenum
研究概览
简要总结
We want to investigate whether bitter compounds, denatonium benzoate and quinine hydrochloride, have a distinct effect on gastrointestinal hormone release after infusion into the stomach or duodenum. Furthermore, we want to observe an effect on hunger sensations and hedonic food intake. Moreover, we suggest somatostatin as a driving factor for decreased motilin and ghrelin release after intragastric administration.
详细描述
Intragastric administration of the bitter tastants denatonium benzoate (DB) or quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) decreases orexigenic hormone levels, and reduces hunger sensations. Contradictory, in vitro studies on human gastric and duodenal tissue showed that DB exposure increased motilin and octanoylated ghrelin levels. DB stimulated somatostatin (SST) release, which is an inhibiting paracrine hormone. We hypothesized that the reduction in hunger ratings and hormone levels is stronger after intragastric compared to intraduodenal administration, and that these differences are mediated by differential SST release. Fourteen healthy female volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. After an overnight fast, DB (1 µmol/kg), QHCl (10 µmol/kg) or placebo were given intragastric or intraduodenal via a feeding tube. Blood samples were taken at regular time points to obtain the hormonal release. Hunger was rated at the same points on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Ad libitum milkshake intake was assessed at the end of the experiment and taste was scored on a VAS.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Subject is female between 18 and 65 years of age.
- •Subject has a BMI between 18 and 25 kg/m² and has a stable body weight for at least 3 consecutive months at the start of the study and keeps a stable weight during the study visits.
- •Women of child-bearing potential agree to apply during the entire duration of the trial a highly effective method of birth control, which is defined as those which result in a low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used constantly and correctly such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptive method, or some intrauterine devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence, or vasectomized partner. Women of non-childbearing potential may be included if surgically sterile (tubal ligation or hysterectomy) or postmenopausal with at least 2 year without spontaneous menses.
- •Subject understands the study procedures and agrees to participate in the study by giving written informed consent.
排除标准
- •Subject is under age of legal consent, male, pregnant or breastfeeding.
- •Subject with a BMI ≥ 18 kg/m² or BMI ≤ 25 kg/m².
- •Subject has current symptoms or a history of gastrointestinal or other significant somatic or psychiatric diseases or drug allergies.
- •Subject has diabetes.
- •Subject has a significant heart, lung, liver or kidney disease.
- •Subject has any history of a neurological disorder.
- •Subject has a history of abdominal surgery. Those having undergone a simple appendectomy more than 1 year prior to the screening visit may participate.
- •Subject shows abnormal eating behavior or has an eating disorder.
- •History or current use of drugs that can affect glycaemia, gastrointestinal function, motility or sensitivity or gastric acidity.
- •History or current use of centrally acting medication, including antidepressants, antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines (in the last year before screening visit).
- •Subject consumes excessive amounts of alcohol, defined as >14 units per week.
- •Subject is currently (defined as within approximately 1 year of the screening visit) a regular or irregular user (including "recreational use") of any illicit drugs (including marijuana) or has a history of drug (including alcohol) abuse. Further, patient is unwilling to refrain from the use of drugs during this study.
- •High caffeine intake (> 500 ml coffee daily or equivalent).
- •Inability or unwillingness to perform all of the study procedures, or the subject is considered unsuitable in any way by the principal investigator.
- •Recent participation (<30 days) or simultaneous participation in another clinical study.
- •Subjects with lactose intolerance.
- •Subjects with quinine allergy.
研究组 & 干预措施
Intragastric quinine hydrochloride
10 µmol of quinine hydrochloride per kg body weight was administrated into the stomach.
干预措施: Intragastric quinine hydrochloride (Drug)
intragastric denatonium benzoate
1 µmol of denatonium benzoate per kg body weight was administrated into the stomach.
干预措施: Intragastric denatonium benzoate (Drug)
Intragastric placebo
0.1 ml of water (placebo) per kg body weight was administrated into the stomach.
干预措施: Intragastric placebo (Drug)
Intraduodenal quinine hydrochloride
10 µmol of quinine hydrochloride per kg body weight was administrated into the duodenum.
干预措施: Intraduodenal quinine hydrochloride (Drug)
Intraduodenal denatonium benzoate
1 µmol of denatonium benzoate per kg body weight was administrated into the duodenum.
干预措施: Intraduodenal denatonium benzoate (Drug)
Intraduodenal placebo
0.1 ml of water (placebo) per kg body weight was administrated into the duodenum.
干预措施: Intraduodenal placebo (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Changes in plasma levels of motilin, ghrelin, somatostatin, GLP-1 and CCK after bitter administration into the stomach or duodenum
时间窗: A first blood sample is taken as a reference 10 min before administration of the condition. After the infusion, every 10 min blood samples are taken for 2 hours.
Infusion of bitter compounds into the stomach or duodenum is performed via a nasogastric feeding tube. Afterwards, an intravenous dwelling line is placed to take blood samples at several time points during the experiment. Hormone levels of motilin, ghrelin, somatostatin, GLP-1 and CCK are collected with according enzyme inhibitors.
次要结局
- Changes in hunger scores after bitter administration into the stomach or duodenum(Hunger is scored every 10 min during the whole experiment starting 20 min before the infusion, until 2 hours after the infusion. 1 minute before and after ad libitum drinking, hunger is scored.)
- Changes in hedonic food intake after bitter administration into the stomach or duodenum(2 hours after the infusion of a condition, subjects drink from the milkshake without an intermission.)