Neuromusculoskeletal Alterations After ACL Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study of Cortical Activity, Motor Response, and Psychological Readiness
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 60
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Frontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio
研究概览
简要总结
This study investigated how anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries affect not only the knee joint but also brain activity, reaction speed, and psychological readiness to return to sports. A total of 60 male athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, were evaluated in three groups: healthy athletes, athletes who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction, and athletes who had undergone revision ACL reconstruction.
The study measured brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG), reaction time with a computer-based test, and psychological status with standardized questionnaires. The findings showed that athletes with revision ACL surgery had more difficulties in attention control, slower reaction times, and greater psychological barriers compared to the other groups.
These results suggest that ACL injuries and surgeries may influence not only physical recovery but also brain function and psychological readiness. The study highlights the importance of considering neuromuscular, cognitive, and emotional aspects when planning rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 30 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male athletes
- •Age between 18 and 30 years
- •Regular participation in amateur or professional sports
- •Completion of ACL rehabilitation (for surgical groups) at least 6 months before enrollment
- •Ability to undergo EEG and reaction time testing
- •Provision of signed informed consent
排除标准
- •History of neurological or psychiatric conditions (e.g., epilepsy, ADHD, depression)
- •Additional lower extremity injuries or orthopedic surgeries
- •Metal implants or scalp conditions incompatible with EEG
- •Uncorrected visual or auditory deficits
- •Systemic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy)
- •Use of psychoactive medication
- •Any cognitive or physical limitation interfering with testing procedures
- •Female participants (to avoid hormonal confounding effects on EEG recordings)
结局指标
主要结局
Frontal EEG Theta/Beta Ratio
时间窗: Single assessment on the study day (June-July 2025)
Cortical activity measured at F3 and F4 electrode sites using EEG (Nexus-10 system, Mind Media, Netherlands). Theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (13-21 Hz) power spectral densities were calculated and the ratio (theta/beta) was used as an indicator of attentional control. Higher ratios indicate reduced attention and cognitive efficiency.
次要结局
- Visual Reaction Time (ms)(Single assessment on the study day (June-July 2025))
- Kinesiophobia (TSK-11 total score)(Single assessment on the study day (June-July 2025))
- Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (ACL-RSI total score)(Single assessment on the study day (June-July 2025))
研究者
Veysel Uludag
Lecturer
Duzce University