Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and photobiostimulation using diode laser prior to local anesthesia administration in children undergoing bilateral orthodontic extractions: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Pain management is an important aspect of paediatric dentistrysince it influences the patient’s behavior during the session and maintains compliance for future appointments. Local anesthesia (LA) is required for pain relief during a variety of restorative, endodontic, and small surgical treatments. However, the methods used to alleviate pain may be a source of both discomfort and worry in children and youngsters.

Increased anxiety can alter a child’s sense of pain, making it more difficult for them to receive the best and most required dental care. The degree of pain associated with local anesthetic administration has been ascribed to a variety of parameters  including injection speed, pressure during administration, injection site, pH, volume, and temperature of the anesthetic solution.

Pain relief during injection has been recommended using a variety of ways. Reframing, utilizing distractions, and making positive recommendations are examples of behavioral approaches. Other methods include utilizing topical anesthetics prior to the injection, applying lignocaine patches to the gingiva, using electronic dental anesthetic, or using computerized equipment like the Wand to alleviate discomfort.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to compare and evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) and Photobiostimulation using diode laser in reducing pain and anxiety prior to administration of local anesthesia and the effect on duration of onset of local anesthesia in Paediatric patients