The Emergence of Abstract Structure Knowledge Across Learning and Sleep
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 194
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Structure Knowledge for a New Modular Category in Stage 2
研究概览
简要总结
In any given cognitive domain, representations of individual elements are not independent but are organized by means of structured relations. Representations of this underlying structure are powerful, allowing generalization and inference in novel environments. In the semantic domain, structure captures associations between different semantic features or concepts (e.g., green, wings, can fly) and is known to influence the development and deterioration of semantic knowledge. The investigators recently found that humans more easily learn novel categories that contain clusters of reliably co-occurring features, revealing an influence of structure on novel category formation. However, a critical unknown is whether learned representations of structure are closely tied to category-specific elements, or whether such representations become abstract to some extent, transformed away from the experienced features. Further, if abstract structural representations do emerge, prior work provides intriguing hints that these representations may require offline consolidation during awake rest or sleep. The investigators have developed a paradigm in which carefully designed graph structures govern the pattern of feature co-occurrences within individual categories. Here the investigators implement a "structure transfer" extension of this paradigm in order to determine whether learning one structured category facilitates learning of a second identically structured category defined by a new set of features. This facilitation would provide evidence that structure representations are abstract to some degree. Aim 1 will use these methods to evaluate whether abstract structural representations emerge immediately during learning. Aim 2 will determine whether these representations persist, or emerge, over a delay, and whether sleep-based consolidation in particular is needed. The role of replay of recent experience during sleep will be evaluated using electroencephalography (EEG) paired with closed-loop targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique that enables causal influence over the consolidation of recently learned information in humans. This work will inform and constrain theories of semantic learning as well as theories of structure learning and representation more broadly.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Ages between 18 and 35
排除标准
- •No medical or neurological illness that would impact experimental performance
- •Not a member of a vulnerable population
研究组 & 干预措施
Immediate Congruent
Participants will learn and be tested on two different semantic categories with the same structure that dictates the co-occurrence of different features.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Immediate Congruent
Participants will learn and be tested on two different semantic categories with the same structure that dictates the co-occurrence of different features.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Immediate Incongruent
Participants will learn and be tested on two different semantic categories with different structures that dictate the co-occurrence of different features.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Immediate Incongruent
Participants will learn and be tested on two different semantic categories with different structures that dictate the co-occurrence of different features.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Awake Incongruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, neither of which has a Modular structure. After a 2.5-hour break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Awake Incongruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, neither of which has a Modular structure. After a 2.5-hour break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Awake Congruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2.5-hour break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Awake Congruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2.5-hour break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Sleep Incongruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the non-Modular category, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Sleep Incongruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the non-Modular category, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Sleep Incongruent
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the non-Modular category, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (SWS)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during slow wave sleep (SWS), participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (SWS)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during slow wave sleep (SWS), participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (SWS)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during slow wave sleep (SWS), participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (REM)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Congruent vs. Incongruent (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (REM)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Immediate vs. Awake vs. Asleep (Behavioral)
Sleep Congruent (REM)
Participants will learn two different semantic categories, one of which has a Modular structure. After a 2-hour nap opportunity, during which TMR will be used to reactivate the Modular category during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, participants will take a 30-minute break. After the break, they will learn and be tested on a novel semantic category with a Modular structure.
干预措施: Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Structure Knowledge for a New Modular Category in Stage 2
时间窗: In Aim 1, accuracy is collected in a missing feature task 25 min. into the experiment, taking 25 min. In Aim 2, accuracy is collected in a missing feature task over 25 min in Stage 2
Accuracy (0-100%) on the behavioral missing feature task in Stage 2, which requires participants to use their memory from earlier in the experiment to make a guess about how to fill in missing features of the category exemplars.
Structure Knowledge for a New Modular Category in Stage 2
时间窗: In Aim 1, accuracy is collected in a missing feature task 25 min. into the experiment, taking 25 min. In Aim 2, accuracy is collected in a missing feature task over 25 min in Stage 2
Accuracy (0-100%) on the behavioral missing feature task in Stage 2, which requires participants to use their memory from earlier in the experiment to make a guess about how to fill in missing features of the category exemplars.
次要结局
未报告次要终点