A Handwriting Intervention Program for Children With Tic Disorders.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 12
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Percentage of handwriting competence for reversal of letters
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized handwriting training protocol (MovAlyzeR), through daily practice of handwriting on an electronic device to improve handwriting skills in children with tic disorders (TD).
详细描述
Handwriting is a functional skill underlying almost all academic performance of school-aged children, and handwriting impairment is highlighted by the World Health Organization as a barrier to school participation. The available evidence mentioned in the literature suggests handwriting skills are academically crucial, and handwriting deficits may lead to challenges in performing various academic activities both in and outside the classroom.
Given that children with TD are more likely to have handwriting deficits as suggested in a recent study, they are also more likely to have challenges in their academic performance and success as evidenced in the literature.
In the context of education, strong evidence indicated that handwriting has more cognitive and neurological benefits than using a keyboard when taking notes in the classroom. Therefore, reducing tics and improving handwriting skills rather than an adaptation approach using a word processor or computer may be the goal of intervention.
Results of the investigator's previous study showed that children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) or tic disorders (TD) demonstrated handwriting deficits when compared to the general children population, and were consistent with a recent study conducted in France showing that children with TS exhibited handwriting problems. In addition to illegibility issues in handwriting as indicated by the low score on the Test of handwriting skills (THS-R), children with TS or TD also demonstrated writing deficits in the areas of speed of writing and correct letter case formation.
Since handwriting deficit is an area of concern among children with TS or TD, one way to improve these children's handwriting skills is through handwriting practice. NeuroScript, LLC., has developed a software program (MovAlyzeR) that allows children to practice handwriting on an electronic device (such as tablet, laptop, etc). Given that the practice is completed on an electronic device with immediate feedback, this handwriting program may serve as a strong incentive to motivate children practicing handwriting. In order to provide evidence for the educators and therapists on the effectiveness of this software program, it is important to evaluate its effectiveness on improving handwriting skills among children with TS or TD.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
Participant will practice 5 days p/week, 15-20 minutes p.day for 12 weeks. They will receive only feedback from the software program as they practice handwriting.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 7 Years 至 17 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Tourette syndrome
- •Diagnosed tic disorder
排除标准
- •Diagnosed anxiety disorder
- •Diagnosed learning disability
- •Diagnosed dysgraphia
研究组 & 干预措施
Treatment group
Participants are diagnosed with tic disorder and/or Tourette syndrome. They will undergo treatment to improve overall handwriting skills.
干预措施: Handwriting intervention (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Percentage of handwriting competence for reversal of letters
时间窗: Post treatment, after week 12
Reversal of letters are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above).
Percentage of handwriting competence for letters touching one another
时间窗: Post treatment, after week 12
Letters touching each other are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above).
Percentage of handwriting competence for case errors
时间窗: Post treatment, after week 12
Case errors are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above).
Scores of handwriting competence for speed
时间窗: Post treatment, after week 12
Scores are recorded by standard scores with a mean of 100
Scores of handwriting competence for legibility
时间窗: Post treatment, after week 12
Scores are recorded by standard scores with a mean of 100.
Scores of handwriting competence for legibility
时间窗: Pre treatment, baseline
Scores are recorded by standard scores. Children scoring greater than 1 standard deviation below the mean of 100 will receive intervention.
Scores of handwriting competence for speed
时间窗: Pre treatment, baseline
Scores are recorded by standard scores. Children scoring greater than 1 standard deviation below the mean of100 will receive intervention.
Percentage of handwriting competence for reversal of letters
时间窗: Pre treatment, baseline
Reversal of letters are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above). Children scoring below 16% or 1 standard deviation below will receive intervention.
Percentage of handwriting competence for letters touching one another
时间窗: Pre treatment, baseline
Letters touching each other are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above). Children scoring below 16% or 1 standard deviation below will receive intervention.
Percentage of handwriting competence for case errors
时间窗: Pre treatment, baseline
Case errors are scored as an ancillary score using three categorizations: test further (i.e., below 16th percentile or more one standard deviation (SD) below the normative mean or z-score \< -1), watch (i.e., between 16th percentile and 50th percentile), and no concern (i.e., 50th percentile and above). Children scoring below 16% or 1 standard deviation below will receive intervention.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Jan Rowe
Primary Investigator
University of Alabama at Birmingham