Comparative Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Keto Diet on Obesity-Related Biomarkers in Obese Women With High (WHR)

Obesity affects hormones in a multidimensional way through creating a vicious cycle of metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory disorders. Combining Obesity with physical inactivity and the subsequent decrease in Insulin sensitivity is the key mechanism leading to type2 diabetes, systemic low grade inflammation, disruption of glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and increased hepatic glucose production leading to more fat deposition in adipose tissue and other organs. A key challenge is to develop individualized therapeutic strategies that address the unique interactions between hormones, diet and lifestyle. Interventions should include both pharmacotherapy and behavioral changes, such as dietary modification and regular physical activity The KD involves a diet that replaces glucose with ketone bodies and is effective in numerous diseases such as metabolic disorders, epileptic seizures, autosomal dominant polycystic disease of the kidney, cancers, peripheral neuropathy, and skeletal muscle atrophy. It exerts anti-inflammatory effects and induces up-regulation of BHB levels that is associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines Regular exercise positively impacts antioxidant enzyme activity and influences the immune system by increasing T-cell count and decreasing receptors linked to inflammatory cytokine production. It also improves insulin sensitivity, contributing to euglycemia, improves vasodilatation, angiogenesis, blood flow, reduces hypoxia, macrophage infiltration, and suppresses chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. the Purpose of the study was To assess the effect of aerobic exercise versus a ketogenic diet protocol on obesity related biomarkers ( testosterone, TNF alpha, IL6, HMW adiponectin levels) in sedentary obese women with high WHR. 120 sedentary obese premenopausal women aged 35-50 years old with BMI of 30-34.9, WHR above 0.85 were incorporated in three groups, 40 women for each.

All subjects were diagnosed with obesity, BMI of 30-34.9 and WHR above 0.85.