Effect of Mindfulness Training on Mental Fatigue-Related Impairments of Endurance Performance and Inhibitory Control in Athletes: An Event-Related Potential Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 53
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time
研究概览
简要总结
Mental fatigue has been suggested that would impair neurocognitive functions and sports performance. On the other hand, mindfulness training (MT) seems to as a promising approach to attenuate mental fatigue and counteract its detrimental effect on cognitive functions and sports performance. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of MT on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control, and endurance performance in mentally fatigued athletes.
详细描述
Accumulating research indicates that mental fatigue induced by prolonged cognitive tasks would impair neurocognitive functions and sports performance. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that inhibitory control and endurance performance are significantly susceptible to detrimental effects of mental fatigue. On the other hand, mindfulness training (MT) has been widely been used to enhance cognitive functions and sports performance in neurocognitive and sports research, which has been considered a promising approach for attenuating mental fatigue and counteracting the detrimental effect of mental fatigue. However, the effect of MT on inhibitory control, endurance performance, and underlying mechanisms in mentally fatigued athletes remain unclear.
Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of MT on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control, and endurance performance in mentally fatigued athletes.
Specifically, the targeted primary outcomes are neurocognitive functions (i.e., reaction time, accuracy and ERPs in Flanker task) and endurance performance (i.e., VO2max & time to exhaustion); The secondary outcomes are changes in dispositional mindfulness, subjective (i.e., scores in visual analog scale)/objective (i.e., reaction time, accuracy in Stroop task) mental fatigue, motivation in tasks, and changes in mood state (i.e., BRUMS-C).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 25 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Regular sports training at least 4 hours weekly
- •Normal or corrected-to-normal vision
- •Right-handed
排除标准
- •Physical limitation or injury in lower limbs before and during the study
- •Diagnosed or self-reported neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy)
- •Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)
- •Major previous experience with mindfulness training
结局指标
主要结局
Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.
Inhibitory Control: Accuracy
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.
ERP: N2
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.
ERP: P3
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.
Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in TTE between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.
Endurance Performance: VO2max
时间窗: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)
The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in VO2max between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.
次要结局
- Dispositional Mindfulness(Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test))
- Objective Mental Fatigue(Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Confusion(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Subjective Mental Fatigue(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Anger(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Depression(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Fatigue(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Tension(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Mood State: Vigour(Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks))
- Perception of Effort(every 2.5 minutes during graded exercise test)
研究者
Yu-Kai Chang
Professor
National Taiwan Normal University