Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on temporal and spatial parameters of gait in individuals with parkinson disease

Parkinson’s Disease  is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects individuals over 60 years and is more common in men. It is diagnosed clinically by features such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. Conventional physiotherapy focuses on improving gait, balance, posture, and functional mobility. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rTMS has emerged as an adjunct therapy, showing benefits in gait, freezing of gait, and motor performance. Treatment outcomes are commonly assessed using UPDRS, PDQ-39, and 2D gait analysis to evaluate motor and functional status.