The Effects of an Innovative Novel Bioactive Peptide Supplement on Skeletal Muscle Anabolism, Autophagy, and Adaptations to Long Term Full Body Resistance Exercise Training in Young Healthy Individuals
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Leg Press 1RM strength
研究概览
简要总结
Skeletal muscle size, an important metabolic tissue, is governed by the balance between two opposing processes, muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. In response to long-term resistance exercise (weightlifting), skeletal muscle growth is commonly observed and it is believed that this is due to increases in muscle protein synthesis which leads to a positive net protein balance stimulating muscle growth. Due to its links to overall metabolic health, maximising muscle growth in response to resistance exercise training has become a significant focus in recent times, with various dietary supplements proposed due to their additive effects on muscle growth with resistance training. Protein supplementation, most commonly whey protein, is the most popular dietary supplement utilised by individuals completing resistance exercise training, however, more recent research has suggested that specific components of whey protein, as well as other foodstuffs, have the potential to individually activate growth pathways within skeletal muscle.
This study will investigate whether daily supplementation with a combination of these compounds is able to produce greater muscle growth, compared to a placebo, when combined with resistance exercise training. We will also investigate whether this supplement can also produce greater increase in strength as well as studying the potential mechanisms behind any of these preferential adaptations in muscle samples which will be collected before and after the training period.
详细描述
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in maintaining human health and well-being, allowing movement and exercise, blood sugar regulation, providing protection from falls, and facilitating tasks of daily living. Strengthening the musculoskeletal system through chronic resistance exercise training can extend both life span and quality of life. Significant research has been dedicated to understanding the anabolic processes which facilitate muscle growth and strength gains during chronic resistance exercise training. It is well known that dietary protein supplementation can enhance the amount of muscle strength and size that is gained by healthy adults across ≥6 weeks of resistance training. These effects are attributed to the increased availability of amino acids which stimulate and support resistance exercise-induced muscle growth. The amino acid leucine plays a key role in initiating the growth of muscle proteins and is abundantly found within animal-based proteins. In recent years, there has been an increase in other commercially available dietary supplements with purported anabolic effects. These include the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), the peptide dileucine comprising two chemically bonded leucine molecules, and peptides found to be abundant in the Fava (Broad) bean (PeptiStrong®). However, whilst there is some evidence which suggests that these supplements can enhance skeletal muscle protein synthesis when consumed in isolation, the combined impact of consuming these compounds on long term muscle growth and resistance training adaptation in young healthy individuals remains to be investigated.
Previous studies have shown that consuming Dileucine or PeptiStrong® can further stimulate the acute muscle protein synthesis response compared to more traditional supplements such as Leucine and whey protein. In addition, HMB supplementation in older males has been shown to promote thigh-lean mass gain during lower-limb resistance training. The impact of these supplements on post-resistance exercise muscle synthesis rates in younger individuals have yet to be evaluated, although, it is possible that a combined dietary supplement could enhance post-exercise muscle anabolism which, over a period of repeated resistance exercise bouts, may induce greater skeletal muscle mass and strength gains. In addition, whether supplementation with these compounds is able to regulate cellular processes which underpin changes in both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown has also not been established.
This project primarily aims to determine whether an innovative bioactive peptide supplement can enhance skeletal muscle adaptations to 8-weeks of resistance training in healthy, young, untrained individuals when compared to a placebo. In addition, this study aims to investigate whether long term resistance exercise training alters human skeletal muscle autophagic flux by utilising a novel ex-vivo autophagic flux assay.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Aged 18-35 years
- •Body Mass Index (BMI, calculated by research team based on height and weight) between 18.5-27.4 kg.m-2
- •Meeting UK physical activity guidelines (150 mins moderate or 75 mins vigorous activity/week)
- •Not currently participating in structured progressive resistance exercise training or have regularly participated in previous 6 months
- •In good health, being free from disease or conditions (e.g., Type-II diabetes, hyper/hypothyroidism, irritable bowel syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome) which influence skeletal muscle metabolism or digestion (self-declared)
排除标准
- •Have an allergy to ingredients of the supplement or placebo supplement (e.g., legume/bean, corn allergies)
- •Have used dietary supplements which are known to affect skeletal muscle recovery and exercise adaptations (e.g., creatine) within the previous month
- •Are a smoker/vaper or have a history of smoking/vaping in previous year
- •Have a respiratory condition (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- •Using hormone therapy (not including birth control), anabolic steroids, or recreational drugs
- •Are pregnant or currently breastfeeding
- •Are currently trying to conceive a child
- •Have any injury or body weakness which prevents participation in full body resistance exercise
- •Have a known allergy to lidocaine
研究组 & 干预措施
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Resistance Exercise Training with or without daily supplementation (Other)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Scan (Radiation)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Muscle Sampling (Procedure)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Blood Sampling (Procedure)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Leg Extensor MVC Test (Other)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: 1 repetition maximum tests (Other)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Ultrasound VL Muscle Thickness/Cross-sectional Area Measurement (Procedure)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: 3-day weighed food diary (Other)
Supplement
The supplement will comprise 5 active ingredients: 1) Dileucine (Peptide 185™, 2g/serving), comprising two chemically bonded leucine amino acid molecules which are commonly found within animal protein sources, 2) PeptiStrong®( 2.4g/serving), a trademarked hydrolysed Broad Bean (Vicia faba) protein extract, 3) Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate monohydrate (myHMB®, 1.5g/serving), a leucine metabolite in its calcium salt form, 4) Creatine monohydrate (5g/serving), a well-researched dietary supplement which increases muscle strength and power by improving cellular energy availability, and 5) PepForm® creatine monohydrate (1g/serving), a trademarked creatine monohydrate product which is purported to enhance creatine bioavailability by binding creatine with peptides derived from whey protein.
The supplement will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Daily Supplementation with active or placebo comparator (Dietary Supplement)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Resistance Exercise Training with or without daily supplementation (Other)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Scan (Radiation)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Muscle Sampling (Procedure)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Blood Sampling (Procedure)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Leg Extensor MVC Test (Other)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: 1 repetition maximum tests (Other)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Ultrasound VL Muscle Thickness/Cross-sectional Area Measurement (Procedure)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: 3-day weighed food diary (Other)
Placebo
The placebo will contain 12g maltodextrin per serving and is taste and colour matched to the active comparator. The placebo will be consumed daily throughout the 8-week training period - in the morning on non-training days and within 30 minutes of completing training session on training days.
干预措施: Daily Supplementation with active or placebo comparator (Dietary Supplement)
结局指标
主要结局
Leg Press 1RM strength
时间窗: From enrolment to the final testing visit of the participant (~5 days following final testing session)
Maximal strength completed on a 45 degree incline, weight plate-loaded leg press machine (statistically powered primary outcome)
1RM strength for seated chest press, standing overhead press, bent-over row, 45-degree leg press, knee extension, seated hamstring curl, and standing calf press
时间窗: From enrolment to the final testing visit of the participant (~5 days following final testing session)
Maximal Strength on all other exercises completed in training sessions throughout intervention
Leg extensor MVC
时间窗: From enrolment to the final testing visit of the participant (~5 days following final testing session)
Maximal force production in a isometric knee extension movement using a dynamometer
Muscle growth/hypertrophy
时间窗: From enrolment to the final testing visit of the participant (~5 days following final testing session) for ultrasound assessments. Muscle samples will be analysed for fibre CSA from end of final participant testing until end of study date.
Assessments of muscle growth/hypertrophy through macro- and micro-scopic assessments: * B-mode ultrasound assessments of vastus lateralis cross-sectional area and thickness * Immunofluorescence microscopy to assess fibre-type specific changes in fibre cross-sectional area
次要结局
- Body Composition(From enrolment to the final testing visit of the participant (~5 days following final testing session))
- Skeletal muscle autophagic flux(Skeletal muscle samples will be analysed from the final participant session until the study end date.)
- Lysosome and autophagy-related protein content(Skeletal muscle samples will be analysed from the final participant session until the study end date.)
- Autophagic and anabolic signalling processes (phosphorylation events, translocation, colocalization)(Skeletal muscle samples will be analysed from the final participant session until the study end date.)
- Satellite Cell Content(Skeletal muscle samples will be analysed from the final participant session until the study end date.)
研究者
Nathan Hodson
Assistant Professor
University of Birmingham