Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio (FAR) as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy(DN)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most prevalent chronic kidney disease. Around 3540% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will go on to develop DKD. DKD is characterized by albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), both of which are independent risk factors for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular events, and death. DKD accounts for a significant increase in mortality among diabetic patients and is a grave threat to their clinical outcome.

Inflammation plays a major role in the development of DKD. Serum fibrinogen (FIB) is a biomarker of coagulation and inflammation. Elevated serum FIB is an independent risk factor of DKD progression to ESKD in patients with T2DM. Albumin (ALB) has anti-inflammatory functions and antioxidant properties. Hypoalbuminemia is associated with a poorer renal prognosis in patients with T2DM and DKD. Fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) is a more significant prognostic marker than each single marker itself in cancer study.