Risk Perception in Adults With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

INTRODUCTION:

People with ADHD are found to be engaged in risky behavior and tend to take risks such as dangers driving, substance abuse, gambling and more. These tendencies are in line with findings of poor decision making in individuals with ADHD. Even though none of the existing theories of ADHD manage to explain the full spectrum of decision making among ADHD, yet this population interpreted as risk seekers regardless causative correlation that link the disorder to risk taking behavior. Studies regarding decision making under uncertainty have uncovered common patterns of behavior that are inconsistent with the grasp that individuals with ADHD are risk seekers. First, studies that used gambling tasks showed that subjects with ADHD bet on smaller wages than non ADHD subjects. Second, when subjects with ADHD confronted with risky options that showed similarity in its expected value or that the expected value was beneficial compared to the safe one, they did not choose the risky options. Surprisingly, when the risky options did not carry any gain or benefit they tend to choose the risky options upon the beneficial or safer ones. Third, subjects with ADHD who preformed explicit pure risk seeking tasks under two conditions, with and without feedback, differ from control group only in the with feedback condition and were conservative in choosing risky alternatives. All of the above questions upon the risk perception of people with ADHD in more skeptical light and is being researched in this study in a direct and more comprehensive way.

METHODS:

Participants:

Two hundred adults with and with out ADHD will be recruited through addressing to undergraduate students at the Hebrew University and Talpiot Collage in Israel, who will be enrolled in special education course for teachers, and through addressing work colleagues.