Identification of salivary and blood biomarkers for Early childhood caries diagnosis in mother and child

ECC is a widespread dental condition that affects children under six years, causing pain and long-term oral health issues. While several factors contribute to ECC including diet, oral hygiene, and genetic predisposition maternal influence through biological markers remains underexplored. This study aims to identify and correlate potential salivary and blood biomarkers in mothers that can predict Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in their children.

 Methodology: The project adopts a case-control study design involving 84 participants (42 mother-child pairs with ECC and 42 without ECC). The study will analyse biomarkers such as salivary metabolites, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR and DQ, Vitamin D, and iron profiles in mother-child pairs with and without ECC. The saliva will be collected and stored in the frozen form for analysis. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy will be used to analyse the salivary biomarkers and ELISA tests will be used to detect HLA antigens. Laboratory iron and Vitamin D profile will be made. Statistical analyses, including Spearman’s correlation and regression, will determine associations.

 The study seeks to develop a reliable panel of biomarkers for early detection and preventive strategies, ultimately benefiting public health by enabling timely intervention before caries onset