An observational study on loss of sex chromosomes in myeloma patients

Genetic instability is a key characteristic in cells of myeloma. The loss of sex chromosomes, such as the loss of one X chromosome in females or abnormalities in the X or Y chromosomes in males could lead to genetic instability. The loss of sex chromosomes often occurs alongside other genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, such as changes in the genes responsible for regulating the immune system or blood cell production. This combination of genetic changes can increase the risk of developing multiple myeloma. The loss of sex chromosomes might also have different implications based on gender. In women, the loss of an X chromosome (a phenomenon known as mosaic loss of X chromosomes) can lead to changes in gene expression that may affect immune system function and contribute to diseases like myeloma. In men, the loss of the Y chromosome or changes in the X chromosome might have a similar impact on immune function and cell regulation, potentially influencing cancer risk .In view of the above this study aims to understand the pattern of loss of sex chromosomes in patients of myeloma. Patients who fulfil the inclusion criteria are selected after taking informed written consent. Male patients are tested for loss of Y chromosomes and female patients for loss of X chromosomes by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization on interphase cells, lymphocytes of peripheral blood sample).The blood samples will be collected from the OPD setup and will be analyzed at AFMC. (2ml of heparin sample)Prestructured, pretested and validated proforma will be used for data collection