Outcomes of Surgical Management of Aneurysmal Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients

End-stage renal failure is a disease that can affect all organs. The increasing prevalence of affluent-society diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or atherosclerosis means that the number of patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease is systematically growing . Worldwide, the number of patients receiving hemodialysis is estimated at more than 1.4 million, with the annual incident rate growing to 8%, prevalence of ESRD in Egypt raised to 483 patients per million. A well-functioning vascular access is a mainstay to perform an efficient haemodialysis . AVF, described by Brescia and Cimino, remains the first choice for chronic Haemodialysis . It is the best access for longevity and has the lowest association with morbidity and mortality, and for this reason AVF use is strongly recommended by guidelines from different countries . The most common complications of fistulae for HD are lymphedema, infection, aneurysm, stenosis, congestive heart failure, steal syndrome, ischemic neuropathy and thrombosis. It is important to gain information about early clinical symptoms of AVF dysfunction in order to prevent and adequately treat potential complications . Arteriovenous fistula aneurysms are defined by an expansion of the intimal, medial and adventitial layers of the vessel wall to a diameter of more than 18 mm. Aneurysmal degeneration of the venous component of surgically created arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) is a common clinical finding. prevalence rates ranging widely between 6% and 51% depending on criteria. Although arteriovenous fistula aneurysms (AVFAs) can be prone to thrombosis and can cause cosmetic dissatisfaction, the most catastrophic complication is life-threatening haemorrhage . The decision for surgical intervention relies on the risk of perforation, ulceration, bleeding, and size of aneurysm which leaves a limited space for puncture. The surgical modalities include excision of the aneurysm and primary repair, excision of the aneurysm and interposition graft , repair by end-to-end anastomosis, ligation .