Relationship between iron profile and hemoglobin bands using UV-Visible spectrometer in individuals with anemia

Anemia, a widespread health problem particularly in developing countries, is characterized by reduced hemoglobin and red blood cell levels. Hemoglobin, the primary oxygen transporter in red blood cells, is a tetramer composed of two alpha and two beta chains. Each chain contains a heme group with a central iron atom that binds oxygen, making iron indispensable for oxygen delivery. Structural variations in hemoglobin usually arise from point mutations leading to single amino acid substitutions in globin chains. While many variants have minimal clinical effect, some are more common and carry significant clinical consequences. Against this background, the present prospective cross-sectional study aims to assess the relationship between iron levels and hemoglobin banding patterns using UV–Visible spectrometer in 24 individuals aged 20–30 years, including 12 anemic cases and 12 controls. Participants will be voluntarily recruited from individuals visiting Kasturba Hospital for routine health checkups, based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and after obtaining informed consent. Data will be statistically analyzed using Jamovi software, applying descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation) and Pearson correlation. This study may help identify additional hemoglobin bands in anemic patients, offering insights into structural variations of hemoglobin associated with anemia and clarifying how differences in iron status affect its structure and function.