Effects of Menu Design on Psychophysiological Measures of Cognitive Load and Food Ordering Outcomes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 61
- 主要终点
- Total Energy of Items ordered
研究概览
简要总结
High cognitive load activities can influence energy intake from food. It is unknown how restaurant menu designs may affect patrons in terms of cognitive demand and subsequent ordering of food.Objective: Our objective was to develop and experimentally test menu designs that differ in cognitive load to test the subjective and objective stress measures on food ordering.
详细描述
For the first experiment, a parallel randomized trial of healthy young adults (n= 30) was conducted to compare ordering from one of two menu designs (easy - E, hard - H) developed in a prior pilot study. In the second experiment, restrained eaters were specifically recruited and asked to fast before the experiment to determine the influence of cognitive load of menus on energy ordered (n=31). Galvanic skin response was used as an objective proxy for relative cognitive load, and questionnaires were used to assess perceptions of the menus. The main outcomes were the number of items ordered and total energy of the items ordered (in kilocalories).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
盲法说明
Participants were blinded to treatment allocation.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 19 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Normal vision or corrective lenses
- •Normal hearing or a hearing aid
- •A moderate level of English proficiency or greater
- •Free from current food restrictions
排除标准
- •Unwilling/uninterested in participation
- •Currently taking any β-blocker medications
- •Any serious skin conditions on the hands (because of galvanic skin sensors worn for the protocol)
- •Experiment 2
- •Inclusion Criteria:
- •Normal vision or corrective lenses
- •Normal hearing or a hearing aid
- •A moderate level of English proficiency or greater
- •Free from current food restrictions
- •Qualifying as a restrained eater by the Cognitive Restraint scale on the Eating Inventory (score of 6 for men and 10 for women)
- •Exclusion Criteria:
- •Unwilling/uninterested in participation
- •Currently taking any β-blocker medications
- •Any serious skin conditions on the hands (because of galvanic skin sensors worn for the protocol)
研究组 & 干预措施
Experiment 1 Easy
For the first experiment, subjects in this arm received the "easy" menu during the protocol.
干预措施: Menu design (Behavioral)
Experiment 1 Hard
For the first experiment, subjects in this arm received the "hard" menu during the protocol.
干预措施: Menu design (Behavioral)
Experiment 2 Easy
For the second experiment, subjects in this arm, who qualified as restrained eaters and were asked to fast for 8 hours overnight, received the "easy" menu during the protocol.
干预措施: Menu design (Behavioral)
Experiment 2 Hard
For the second experiment, subjects in this arm, who qualified as restrained eaters and were asked to fast for 8 hours overnight, received the "hard" menu during the protocol.
干预措施: Menu design (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Total Energy of Items ordered
时间窗: During the 5-minute menu ordering task
Total Energy (kcals) of items ordered off assigned menu
Total Number of Items Ordered
时间窗: During the 5-minute menu ordering task
Total number of items ordered off assigned menu
次要结局
- Subjective ratings of difficulty of using assigned menu to order a meal(Immediately (1 minute) following the 5-minute menu ordering period)
- Galvanic Skin Response(During the 5-minute menu ordering task)
研究者
Kathryn Kaiser
Assistant Professor
University of Alabama at Birmingham